全国英语等级考试教材第三级Unit15
[00:00.00] CHAPTER 15 JOBS AND OCCUPATION
[00:14.99]Unit 15 Jobs and Occupation
[00:22.36]Conversations
[00:25.89]part 1
[00:29.36]An interview between a woman and an officer of the company.
[00:34.93]Officer:I wonder if you'd mind me your full name please,Miss Howard?
[00:42.29]Woman:Miranda Howard.
[00:45.95]Officer:Thank you.Now let me see,uhmm,you were an English major,weren't you?
[00:52.82]Woman:Yes,that's right.I graduated from New Hampshire State College.
[00:59.35]Officer:When was that?
[01:02.59]Woman:In 1997.
[01:06.25]Officer:So you've been out fo school for about 5 years? Woman:Right.
[01:12.49]Officer:And could you tell me what kind of office experience you've had?
[01:18.26]Woman:Well.I'm working for Britain Airlines at the moment.
[01:23.51]Officer:And what do you do there exactly?
[01:27.35]Woman:I'm in financial department.
[01:31.51]Officer:I see.And how long have you been with them?
[01:36.05]Woman:For four years.
[01:39.71]Officer:And would you mind telling me your present salary?
[01:44.46]Woman:I'm making fifteen hundred a monty at present.
[01:50.03]Officer:Fifteen hundred?Uh huh.
[01:54.29]OK,well,you have read the job description for this position..
[02:00.76]part 2
[02:05.02]Wang Lin,a student from China,is telling George,
[02:11.50]an English friend,why he came to study architecture in England.
[02:17.35]George:What did you say you were going to take up as a career?
[02:23.23]Wang:Architecture.Actually,I've already started.
[02:29.79]George:What are you going to do when you finish?
[02:34.93]Wang:Oh,I shall go back home and practise there.
[02:40.99]There's a great deal of scope for architects in my country
[02:47.16]and a lot of useful work to be done.
[02:51.89]George:Will you need English in your job?
[02:56.95]Wang:It'll be useful in many ways
[03:01.50]because there's a lot about architecture written in English
[03:07.38]and besides many professional people in my country use English as a second language.
[03:16.62]When you attend international conferences,
[03:21.98]English is so often the official language.
[03:27.75]George:What made you decide to choose architecture as a career?
[03:34.10]Wang:Well,I was good at Maths and Art at school
[03:40.06]and I think I had a certain feeling for design.
[03:46.22]And I also suppose my personal qualities made me choose architecture.
[03:53.87]part 3
[03:57.11]Ms.Moore is interviewing Ms.White.
[04:02.08]Moore:Let's discuss your educational background,
[04:07.25]Ms.White,you were a law major,weren't you?
[04:12.71]White:Yes.That's right.It was my best subject at college.
[04:19.66]Moore:Fine.And could you tell me what kind of work experience you've had?
[04:26.53]White:My last position was with Joanna and Frazer.That's a law firm in Chicago.
[04:34.89]Moore:And when was that exactly?
[04:39.33]White:From 1993 to 1996.
[04:45.81]Moore:Uh huh.
[04:49.33]White:Before that I worked for Soft Logic Compute Co.,Ltd.
[04:56.18]Moore:Well,Ms.White,your qualifications for the job are excellent.
[05:03.33]Could you tell me what kind of salary you are expecting?
[05:08.79]White:Well,in my last job I was making $1 900 a month.
[05:15.92]I understand that this position has a starting salary of around $2 000 a month.
[05:24.36]Moore:That's right.
[05:27.89]White:That would be fine with me.
[05:32.28]Moore:Is there anything you'd like to ask about the job?
[05:38.13]White:Yes.I'd like to know if the company provides opportunities for further education.
[05:46.31]Moore:Yes.Our employees are allowed to take up six hours a week at full pay,
[05:53.85]to attend college courses.
[05:57.93]White:That's great!
[06:01.69]Moore:Anything else?
[06:05.45]White:No,not at this time.
[06:09.61]Moore:Well,we'll call you this week.
[06:14.18]White:Thank you.I appreciate your talking with me.
[06:19.64]part 4
[06:22.98]Williams is discussing with Chuck
[06:27.74]about an applicant who applied for the position of journalist.
[06:33.48]Williams:Have you ever looked at this application yet?
[06:38.73]Chuck:The one from the plaze,you mean?Yeah,I've just read it.
[06:44.90]Williams:Has he ever worked on a newspaper before?
[06:49.94]Chuck:No,not exactly,but he used to edit a magazine when he was in college.
[06:58.30]Williams:Well,that's good.And what did he do after?
[07:04.05]Chuck:Well,after he finished school,he went to Seattle.
[07:10.11]Williams:Oh,really?What did he do there?
[07:14.86]Chuck:He was an English teacher in an elementary school
[07:20.01]and while he was teaching there he wrote some really fine articles.
[07:26.17]Williams:Uh huh.And what's he been doing since then?
[07:31.50]Chuck:He's been working as a freelance journalist for the past two years.
[07:38.14]Williams:Hmm.Sounds quite good.Maybe he is our man.
[07:44.07]Passage
[07:47.02]How to Write a Winning Resume
[07:51.28]The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview.
[07:58.93]There are two kinds.
[08:02.77]One is the familiar"tombstone"that lists where you went to school
[08:08.93]and where you have worked in chronological order.
[08:13.37]The other is what I call the"functional"resume-descriptive,fun to read,
[08:20.64]unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview.
[08:26.20]It's handy to have a"tombstone"for certain occasions.
[08:31.76]But peospective employers throw away most of those unrquested"tombstone"lists,
[08:39.21]preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.
[08:44.36]What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get read-
[08:50.73]a resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers.
[08:56.89]Put yourself first:
[09:00.66]In order to write a resume which others will read with enthusiasm,
[09:07.50]you have to feel important about yourself.
[09:12.07]Sell what you can do,not who you are:
[09:16.83]Practice translating your personality traits,
[09:21.97]character,accomplishments,and achievements into skill areas.
[09:27.61]There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work.
[09:33.78]Toot your own horn:Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities.
[09:41.33]Some think they have none at all!
[09:45.40]But everyone does,and one of yours
[09:50.45]may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch if only you show it.
[09:57.11]Be specific,be concrete,and be brief!
[10:02.67]Turn bad news into good:Everybody has had disappointment in work.
[10:09.62]If you have to mention yours,look for the positive side.
[10:15.26]Never apologize:
[10:19.13]If you're returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent,
[10:25.06]simply write a short paragraph(summary of backgroung)
[10:30.62]in place of a chronology of experience.
[10:35.17]Don't apologize for working at being a mother:it's the hardest job of all.
[10:42.01]If you have no special training or higher education,just don't mention education.
[10:49.46]How to psych yourself up:
[10:53.51]The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself.
[10:59.96]Thake four or five hours off not necessarily consecutive,
[11:05.91]and simply write down every accomplishment in your life on or off the job.
[11:13.18]That made you feel effective.
[11:17.25]Don't worry at first about what it all means.
[11:21.90]Study the list and try to spot patterns.
[11:26.86]As you study your list,you will come closer to the meaning:
[11:33.39]identifying your marketable skills.
[11:37.94]Once you discover patterns,give names to your cluster of accomplishments
[11:44.50](leadership skills,budget management skills,child development skills,etc.)
[11:52.25]Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same skills heading.
[11:58.42]Now start writing your resume as if you mattered.
[12:03.57]It may take four drafts or more,and several weeks,
[12:09.16]before you've ready to show it a stranger(friends are usually too kind)
[12:15.69]for a reaction.
[12:19.03]When you're satisfied,send it to a printer;
[12:23.99]a printed resume is far superior to photocopies.
[12:29.45]It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work.
[12:35.70]Words and Expressions
[12:39.46]major airline financial salary
[12:42.49]大学的主修科目 航空公司 财政的;金融的 按月发的薪水
[12:45.52]position take up professional subject
[12:48.60]职位，职务 从事某项职业或活动 专业的，内行的 学科;课程
[12:51.68]firm qualification employee application
[12:54.61]公司 资历;资格 受雇者，雇员 书面申请;请求
[12:57.53]freelance resume grant chronological
[13:00.66]自由作家 简历，个人必履历 给予;准许 按年代排序的
[13:03.78]tombstone unique handy prospective
[13:06.65]基碑，基石 独特的，不平常的 方便的，简便的 未来的
[13:09.53]tip enthusiasm trait toot
[13:12.56]有用的意见 热情;兴趣 品质 使发嘟嘟声
[13:15.59]horn clutch psych sb.up consecutive
[13:19.13]号角 抓住 使某人心理上做好准备 连续的
[13:22.66]cluster budget draft photocopy
[13:25.60]丛;串 预算 草稿 复印
[13:28.54]Exercises
[13:31.99]Section I Listening Comprehension
[13:36.95]Listen to the record.
[13:40.61]Answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D from the four possible choices.
[13:50.04]A 1.M:Is there any chance of my having a job in your company?
[13:57.62]W:I'm afraid that you basically can not,
[14:02.58]why not try another place to see another boss?
[14:08.46]2.W:Can you come to my birthday party tomorrow afternoon?
[14:14.81]M:I'd like to,but I can't.I'll be in surgery at 3 o'clock.
[14:21.68]I'll be operating on a patient then.
[14:25.93]3.M:But I still can't understand,Jane,why are you working for J.D.Company?
[14:33.98]W:J.D.offered me a job as a secretary and I need a job.
[14:41.63]4.W:Have a seat.What can I do for you?
[14:47.98]M:I'm going to be an engineer,
[14:51.74]but I'm having a little trouble deciding which field to go into
[14:57.80]5.M:Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr.Brown.
[15:04.96]W:Sure,sir.As soon as I have typed this letter.
[15:10.52]6.W:Maryhy worked as a secretary for three years.
[15:17.79]Then she became a reporter.After that she started writing novels.
[15:24.76]M:I know.And she has been doing nothing else ever since.
[15:30.64]7.W:Open wide. Now show me where it hurts.
[15:37.77]M:Here on the bottom,especially when I bite into something hot or cold.
[15:44.30]B W:On the matter of employer-employee relations,
[15:50.36]we read a lot and hear a lot about union poroblems and strikes.
[15:57.02]M:Well,I think that,from an employer's standpoint,
[16:01.88]the easiest thing for an employer to do would be to join a union.
[16:07.55]W:Could you make it clear?
[16:11.39]M:The reason is that you have the security of never having to worry about having employees.
[16:18.76]W:Uh-huh... M:You'd be meeting a certain criteria
[16:24.11]because the unions set the criteria for the people that work
[16:29.75]their salaries,their fringe benefits,and so on.
[16:35.42]W:And you probably have one outfit to deal with.
[16:40.57]M:That's correct.
[16:44.04]So from the employee's standpoint,of course,
[16:48.80]you have the problem that the employee is a captive to a set of criteria..
[16:54.75]W:Yeah,that's right.
[16:58.59]M:And his freedom is greatly reduved because of the fact that his bargaining agent is someone else-
[17:06.25]it's not himself.
[17:10.01]W:He is no longer in an individual-to-employer situation.
[17:16.46]M:That is correct.
[17:19.70]W:Is it a trade-off to a certain extent?
[17:24.14]M:My feeling is that's one of the great advantages
[17:29.18]working for a small business which is non-union.
[17:34.01]You have a higher degree of freedom.
[17:37.78]And that it's much easier from the employee's standpoint.
[17:43.13]W:Uh-hm...That's fine.
[17:47.49]M:But when you become a captive to any big organization-
[17:52.64]whether it's a corporation,a union or a government,
[17:57.71]you just absolutely lose your freedom.
[18:01.65]C I'm the manager of the department called the Banking
[18:07.82]and Portfolio Department for a large multinational corporation.
[18:14.09]The responsibility of that department is to handle all the bankiing matters..
[18:21.14]er...relationship,credit issue,opening and closing accounts.
[18:28.22]We also manage the..er...investment of the company's excess funds.
[18:36.26]The best thing about working in the department...
[18:41.83]that we have is that you get to take decisions at a relatively low management level in the company
[18:50.66]you get to watch the decision come,
[18:55.33]follow through and you get to see the effect on the bottom-line profit of the company.
[19:03.28]We are one of the few areas within a world..er..
[19:09.05]Within a headquarters-type atmosphere where there is a profit center,bottom line.
[19:16.78]One of the things I find the most frustrating is that...er...
[19:23.73]the company is still very bureaucratic.
[19:28.59]We tend to produce a lot of paperwork and reports
[19:34.05]that don't seem to have any fit with the...today's company business.
[19:41.41]And they've been generated for years and we continue to generate them..er...
[19:48.78]because management has asked for them.
[19:53.54]We are attempting to change that but it continues to be a source of frustration
[20:00.61]for myself and my staff.
[20:05.06]Supplementary Reading
[20:08.61]Learn to Love Your Job
[20:12.76]Is your job running you over like a lawnmower?
[20:18.04]You spend too much time at work to be miserable.
[20:23.50]Stop the madness!You can go through by putting the following advice into action.
[20:30.76]Be Honest with Your Boss
[20:35.12]Your boss may be talented and inspirational,but probably not a mind-reader.
[20:42.38]If you are frustrated at work,speak up.
[20:47.35]Your boss has a right to know if you are feeling undervalued,burned out,
[20:53.83]or desperately in need of a more flexible schedule.
[20:58.97]There are,of course,
[21:02.24]ways to conduct this talk so that you don't sound whiny or hopelessly confused.
[21:09.68]You may be more appreciated and have more options than you thought.
[21:15.93]A good boss can give you strategies to pull your attitude out of a funk.
[21:22.90]Give it a chance,and be honest in your discussion.
[21:28.36]Let the Job Bring out Your Best
[21:33.01]If you have a job that matches your skills poorly,you will end up having it.
[21:40.56]For example,sales jobs are not for everyone.
[21:45.60]An introverted,
[21:48.76]quiet person is likely to feel uncomfortable chasing down some sales quota.
[21:55.53]Your job should fit like a glove,not force you to be something you are not.
[22:02.48]Un-fitting jobs cause stress,according to psychologist Bill Gawford,
[22:09.35]stress is a signal that something needs to change.
[22:14.67]"Suffering is when we don't make the change,"Crawford explains,
[22:20.84]"often we don't listen to the signal of stress in our lives until it becomes a severe problem."
[22:28.28]If your job is not fulfi-lling,get creative.
[22:33.85]Drastic changes are not always necessary.
[22:38.71]Arlene S.Hirsch,author of Love Your Work and Success Will Follow,
[22:45.37]tells the story of a banker with strong financial analysis skills
[22:51.61]who was experiencing great job dissatisfaction.
[22:56.86]He recaptured his love for music by accepting a job as CFO for a symphony orchestra.
[23:05.72]Smart move!
[23:09.06]Acknowledge Your Anger
[23:12.93]If you really hate your job,it's likely you are fired up about something.
[23:19.69]Pinpointing the source of your anger is a crucial first step.
[23:25.65]According to Dr.Hendrie Weisinger,there are 5 main anger-provoking work situations:
[23:33.70](1)Being left out.
[23:38.37]Not being accepted by your peers severely limits how effective you can be on the job,
[23:45.42]and shakes your tundamental need for acceptance.
[23:50.86](2)Critical bosses.
[23:54.91]Nitpicking bosses are infuriating.
[23:59.48](3)Not getting promoted.You try your best and it's never acknowledged.
[24:06.14](4)Being maligned by co-workers.
[24:11.18]Being victimized by false rumors is a consistent anger arouser.
[24:17.55](5)Incompetent bosses.
[24:22.10]An incompetent boss can stifle your enthusiasm
[24:27.38]and torpedo your chances for job satisfaction.
[24:32.34]Get Rid of Grudges
[24:36.28]When people work together,hurt feelings,misunderstandings,
[24:41.54]and cross words are inevitable.
[24:46.11]If you are mistreated at work,you'll be tempted to get even.
[24:51.44]Be careful:Making enemies can lead straight to job misery.
[24:57.89]Even if you have been treated unfairly,you can take the high road.
[25:03.84]While practicing forgiveness may be the last thing you want to do,
[25:09.41]it is often the wisest move.
[25:13.67]Offenders may not deserve your kindness,but you do.
[25:18.94]By forgiving abusive jerke,you are actually giving yourself a break.
[25:25.00]Sure,you can quit your job in a huff and seek greener pastures elsewhere.
[25:31.48]Find a place where people treat you with the love,and respect that you deserve.
[25:38.01]Right?Wrong!You will find"challenging"co-workers wherever you go.
[25:45.07]They just look different and have different names.
[25:49.74]You'd be better off finding ways to live in peace
[25:54.18]with people with various value system.
[25:58.54]Above all else,try to keep your perspective.
[26:03.61]We all hate our jobs occasionally.
[26:08.05]The trick is to keep those times few and far between.
[26:13.62]Putting these tips into practice will help you gain greater satisfaction at work.
[26:20.28]And when you consider that happy employees are more likely to get along,
[26:26.83]isn't that a goal worth smiling about?
