史上第3位诺贝尔物理奖女性获奖演讲

Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Your excellencies

尊敬的陛下 诸位位殿下及阁下

Dear laureates

亲爱的各位获奖者

Ladies and gentlemen

女士们 先生们

It is my honor to represent the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018

我很荣幸能够代表2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的得主们来发表演讲

and speak on behalf of Arthur Ashkin and Gerard Mourou

他们是我最尊敬的同事 阿瑟·阿什金和热拉尔·穆鲁

my esteemed colleagues with whom I share the prize

我和他们共同分享这一奖项

Arthur Ashkin can one-half of it this year

阿瑟·阿什金获得了今年物理学奖金的一半

and so he should be the one giving this speech

所以他才是应该来发表这个演讲的人

Unfortunately he could not join us for this incredible celebration

但遗憾的是 他无法参加这场激动人心的庆祝活动

Gerard and I want to add our congratulations to Arthur for his remarkable invention of laser tweezers

热拉尔和我想对阿瑟的卓越发明 即激光镊子 表示热烈的祝贺

that can trap living cells and wind up molecular motors

它的作用是捕获活细胞 并使分子马达运转起来

We wish Arthur could be here

我们都很希望今天阿瑟能在现场

As has been pointed out I joined Marie Curie and Maria Goeppert-Mayer

如所指出的那样 我是居里夫人和玛丽亚·格佩特-梅耶之后

as the only women to win this prize

第三个获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性

I am humbled to be in their company

能够加入她们的队列中实在是受宠若惊

Marie Curie is in a class all her own as the first female winner

居里夫人是独树一帜的 她是有史以来第一位女性获奖者

and still the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two different science categories

也是迄今为止唯一一个在两个不同的科学领域都获得过诺贝尔奖的人

An astounding scientist

她是一位令人所有人震惊的科学家

For her PhD Maria Goeppert-Mayer absolutely--

玛丽亚·格佩特-梅耶在她的博士生涯中--

Maria Goeppert-Mayer a theoretical physicist came up with the idea of multi photon physics

玛丽亚是位理论物理学家 她提出了多光子物理学的概念

that means an atom absorbs two or more photons simultaneously

意思是一个原子可以同时吸收两个或更多的光子

She made the prediction without any experimental evidence

她在没有任何实验证据的情况下做出了这个预测

and in fact it would be another 30 years before I didn't want to observe the effect

事实上 再过30年我就不想观察这个效果了

I cited her theory in my PhD thesis more than fifty years later

在她获奖的50多年后 我在自己的博士论文中引用了她的理论

And as for me

至于我个人的经历

When I was in grad school working on the project for which Gerard and I are being honored

当我还在研究院和热拉尔一起 进行着我们都很自豪的项目时

Cyndi Lauper had a big hit

那个时候 辛迪·劳帕大受欢迎

"Girls just want to have fun"

她说过一句话 “女孩子们只想要玩得开心”

but they wanted to wait until the working day is done

但她们想等到工作日结束后才去享受狂欢

but I want to have fun while I'm working

我不一样 我想在工作的时候就从中感受到乐趣

Now not everyone thinks physics is fun

如今不是所有人都认为 物理是有趣的

but I do

但我确实认为它很有趣

I think experimental physics is especially fun

特别是实验物理学

because not only do you get to solve puzzles about the universe or here on earth

因为你不仅能解开遥远的宇宙或是近在咫尺的地球上的谜团

There are really cool toys in the lab

还能使用实验室里那些超级酷炫的玩具

In my case I get to play with high intensity lasers that can do magical things

以我自己为例 我可以玩高强度激光 这种激光能实现很神奇的事情

like take one color of laser light and turn it into a rainbow of colors

比如我们可以取一种颜色的激光 然后把它变成彩虹的颜色

Just one of the amazing things we get to see in our laser labs

这只是我们在激光实验室里能看到的令人惊叹的事情之一

Gerard Mourou, who was my PhD supervisor

热拉尔·穆鲁是我的博士生导师

dreamed up the idea of increasing laser intensity by orders of magnitude

他提出了将激光强度提高几个数量级的主意

He did it while he was on a ski trip with his family

他是在和家人去滑雪旅行的时候 想出这个点子的

He probably shouldn't have been thinking about lasers

他不应该在那种时候还想着激光

He just couldn't help himself

但他就是忍不住

It was my job to take sure our beautiful idea and make it a reality

我的工作是确保我们美好的想法能够成为现实

I built a pulse stretcher, then a laser amplifier

为此我做了一个脉冲拉伸器 然后是激光放大器

and then finally a pulse compressor

最终 我做出了一个脉冲压缩机

To do so, I had to learn to cleave optical fiber, machine, a lot of parts, do a lot of plumbing

为此 我必须学会如何切割光纤 机器及其零件 做很多的管道工作

Are you feeling the fun?

你们能感受到这其中的乐趣吗?

I had to measure the pulse durations and the frequency spectrum

我必须测量脉冲的持续时间和频谱

Not all of the measurements show what we expected

不是所有的测量结果都是我们期望所得到的

We had to figure out the problems and then away around them

我们需要找出这其中的问题 然后避免再次出现同样的错误

That was the fun part

而这就是最有趣的部分

That all took about a year then it was finally time to measure the duration of the compressed amplified pulses

花了大约一年的时间 我们才终于能去测量压缩放大脉冲的持续时间

and I had no way to measure it

但我找不到办法去测量它

Steve Williamson my colleague had the way

我的同事史蒂夫·威廉姆森找到了方法

and he wheeled history camera into my lab one night

一天晚上 他把成像仪推进了我的实验室

and together we measured the compressed pulse width of the amplified pulses

我们一起测量了放大脉冲的压缩脉冲宽度

I will never forget that night

我永远都忘不了那个夜晚

It is truly an amazing feeling when you know that you have built something that no one else ever has

当你知道你做出了别人从未实现的东西时 那种感觉真的超级棒

and it actually works

并且它真的成功了

There really is no excitement quite like it

我想再也没有哪个时刻比它更令我感到激动了

except for maybe getting woken up at 5:00 in the morning

当然 除了早上5点被吵醒

because the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences also thinks

然后瑞典皇家科学院通知我得奖了的那一刻

it was an exciting moment for the field of laser physics

他们也认为 对于激光物理学来说 这的确是个激动人心的时刻

So on behalf of Arthur Ashkin, Gerard Mourou and me

所以在此我代表 阿瑟·阿什金 热拉尔·穆鲁和我自己

Thank you to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Nobel foundation

感谢瑞典皇家科学院和诺贝尔基金会

for honoring us and laser physics with this Nobel Prize

感谢你们授予我们和激光物理学科这个诺贝尔奖