2016SAT改革:新语法样题解析（一）

　　新SAT语法样题分析(一)

　　新SAT语法要求以文章为背景，考查文章中单词，短语和语言的使用。

　　[新SAT样题1]

　　[. . .] The transportation planner’s job might involve conducting a traffic count to determine the daily number of vehicles traveling on the road to the new factory. If analysis of the traffic count indicates that there is more traffic than the current road as it is designed at this time can efficiently accommodate, the transportation planner might recommend widening the road to add another lane. [. . .] ?

　　A) NO CHANGE

　　?B) current design of the road right now

　　C) road as it is now currently designed

　　D) current design of the road ?

　　This question asks students to determine the most economical way to express an idea clearly. Students must recognize that only one choice (choice D, “current design of the road”) expresses the idea clearly?and concisely, whereas other choices introduce various redundancies (“current” and “at this time” in choice A, “current” and “right now” in

　　本题选择D，主要考查简洁性，要求考生选择简明语言，这一点符合美国政府的官方语言需要简明的原则。这是老SAT常考的知识点。

　　[新SAT样题2]

　　[. . .] As Kingman developed as a painter, his works were often compared to paintings by Chinese landscape artists dating back to CE 960, a time when a strong tradition of landscape painting emerged in Chinese art. Kingman, however, vacated from that tradition in a number of ways, most notably in that he chose to focus not on natural landscapes, such as mountains and rivers, but on cities. [. . .]

　　A) NO CHANGE

　　B) evacuated

　　C) departed

　　D) retired

　　This question asks students to determine which word makes the most sense in the context of a sentence from a passage about painter Dong Kingman. The best answer here is choice C because “departed” is the most contextually appropriate way to indicate that Kingman had deviated from the tradition of Chinese landscape painting in a number of ways. Each of the other choices also conveys a sense of “leaving,” but none is as effective in the sentence, as it would be both awkward and unconventional to describe a person as vacating, evacuating, or retiring from a tradition in a number of ways. In this sort of question, students must demonstrate not only facility with language in general but also skill in using language in particular contexts to convey meaning clearly and precisely.

　　本题选择C, 考查单词，sat要求考生写作不仅要语法正确而且要求精确和清晰，这个题符合此要求，在老SAT中也有此知识点，例如：

　　[作为对比的老SAT语法题目]

　　For (A) any mayor of a vast metropolitan area, an understanding of (B) current issues in all districts is (C) not only desirous (D) but also vital. No error (E)

　　本题是老SAT的题，考的是单词的用法，本题选择D，应该改为desirable, 词义更精确。

　　[新SAT样题3]

　　[. . . ] During his career, Kingman exhibited his work internationally. He garnered much acclaim. [. . . ]

　　Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion?

　　A) ?internationally, and Kingman also garnered

　　B) ?internationally; from exhibiting, he garnered

　　C) ?internationally but garnered

　　D) ?internationally, garnering

　　This question asks students to demonstrate skill in combining sentences smoothly and logically. Students must demonstrate an appreciation?of the subtleties of language by recognizing that while all of the?choices create grammatical sentences, only one choice (choice D, “internationally, garnering”) preserves the writer’s intended meaning (unlike choice C, “internationally but garnered,” which illogically makes the two ideas in the sentence seem at odds with each other) and avoids clumsy repetition (unlike choice B, “internationally; from exhibiting, he garnered”) or a weak and unclear connection among ideas (unlike choice A, “internationally, and Kingman also garnered”).

　　本题选择D，考查句间逻辑，要求考生能够更有逻辑的连结句子，这个知识点在老SAT中也经常考到，在ISE和IS中主要体现在连词的考查上，尤其在IP和考查最多，例如：

　　[作为对比的老SAT语法题目1]

　　Though best known (A) as a jazz vocalist, he also enjoyed (B) gospel music, whereby (C) he told his manager that he wanted to make a recording of (D) his favorite gospel songs. No error (E)

　　本题选择C，应改为so, 因为本题中whereby表示凭借某种方式，逻辑不通顺，因此应改为so.

　　[作为对比的老SAT语法题目2]

　　再例如IP中的考法：

　　Which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 8 and 9 (reproduced below)?

　　In the process Lou Hoover designed for her two young sons a portable crib. It would remain stable during the rocking of a ship.

　　crib so that it would remain stable

　　crib, and it would remain stable

　　crib that nevertheless remained stable

　　crib that would remain stable

　　crib. It was designed to remain stable

　　此题也是考查句间逻辑。

　　[. . . ] His fine brushwork conveys detailed street-level activity: a peanut vendor pushing his cart on the sidewalk, a pigeon pecking for crumbs around a fire hydrant, an old man tending to a baby outside a doorway. His broader brushstrokes and sponge-painted shapes create majestic city skylines, with skyscrapers towering in the background, bridges connecting neighborhoods on either side of a river, and enormous ships maneuvering out of a busy harbor. To art critics and fans alike, these city scenes represent the innovative spirit of twentieth- century urban Modernism. [. . .]

　　Which choice most effectively establishes the main topic of the paragraph?

　　A) ?Kingman is considered a pioneer of the California Style school of painting.

　　B) ?Although cities were his main subject, Kingman did occasionally paint natural landscapes.

　　C) ?In his urban landscapes, Kingman captures the vibrancy of crowded cities.

　　D) ?In 1929 Kingman moved to Oakland, California, where he attended the Fox Art School.

　　This question asks students to demonstrate an understanding of the central point that the writer is making in the paragraph by choosing the sentence that best signals the paragraph’s main topic. Students must carefully analyze the information and ideas in the other sentences in the paragraph to recognize that urban landscapes (and not natural landscapes) are the primary focus (thereby making choice C the best answer and ruling out choice B) and that a detail about Kingman’s place in the California Style school of painting (choice A) or about Kingman’s background (choice D) would not effectively prepare the reader for the content that follows in the rest of the paragraph.

　　本题选择C, 考查文章主旨，要求考生在阅读文章是迅速掌握文章主要内容，此题属于新题，之前的老SAT对于文章主旨的考查主要是在IP中考查，为文章选择结论句，尽管相似但是还有不同，因此要求学生以后在学习SAT语法时要注重文章主要信息提取的能力。

　　[作为对比的老SAT语法题目]

　　Which would make the best concluding sentence for the passage?

　　Nevertheless, supermarkets are devoting increasingly more space to the display of organic foodstuffs.

　　Ultimately, whether organic food's lower environmental impact continues to justify its higher cost will be decided by the consumer.

　　And, as the cost of energy derived from conventional fuels rises, alternative sources will become economically viable.

　　As an added benefit, when one sort of pollution is reduced, support for sound environmental practices grows.

　　Still, the issue will not be resolved until the government clearly indicates what is "organic" and what is not.

　　本题是老SAT2010年10月IP的最后一题，它要求考生读完文章后选择结论句，和样题4类似，但是略有不同。

　　[新SAT样题5]

　　[. . .] Transportation planners perform critical work within the?broader field of urban and regional planning. As of 2010, there were approximately 40,300 urban and regional planners employed in the United States. The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics forecasts steady job growth in this field, projecting that 16 percent of new jobs in all occupations will be related to urban and regional planning. Population growth and concerns about environmental sustainability are expected to spur the need for transportation planning professionals.

　　

 

　　Which choice completes the sentence with accurate data based on the above graph?

　　A) ?NO CHANGE

　　B) ?warning, however, that job growth in urban and regional ?planning will slow to 14 percent by 2020.

　　C) ?predicting that employment of urban and regional planners will ?increase 16 percent between 2010 and 2020.

　　D) ?indicating that 14 to 18 percent of urban and regional planning ?positions will remain unfilled.

　　This question asks students to analyze data displayed graphically and?to integrate that information with information presented in text — specifically, to determine which of four interpretations of the graph is accurate and to revise the passage’s wording as needed. The best answer here is choice C, as the graph establishes that the employment of urban and regional planning is expected to increase by 16 percent between 2010 and 2020. The other answer choices misstate the data in the graph in one way or another. The focus in a question such as this is not simply on understanding information in a data display, as important as that can be, but rather on demonstrating a broad command of evidence by synthesizing information and ideas expressed in two different mediums (graphics and words).

　　本题选择C, 本题是全新的题型，图表分析题，本题不仅考查考生的语法能力，还考查考生的理科分析能力，根据图表分析数据。考生一定要对此题多加练习。