国际关系英语词汇大全Unit 51

　　英语单词讲解 unit 51

　　1.Reinhold Niebuhr

　　Karl Paul Reinhold Niebuhr (June 21, 1892 – June 1, 1971) was an American theologian, ethicist, public intellectual, commentator on politics and public affairs, and professor at Union Theological Seminary for more than 30 years. The brother of another prominent theological ethicist, H. Richard Niebuhr, he is also known for authoring the Serenity Prayer, and received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1964. Among his most influential books are Moral Man and Immoral Society and The Nature and Destiny of Man. Starting as a minister with working-class and labor class sympathies in the 1920s oriented to theological pacifism, he shifted to neo-orthodox realist theology in the 1930s and developed the theo-philosophical perspective known as Christian realism.

　　1.莱茵霍尔德·尼布尔

　　卡尔·保罗·莱茵霍尔德·尼布尔(1892年6月21日-1971年6月1日)，是一位美国神学家。他最出名的工作是试图将基督信仰和现代政治外交联系起来。他为现代“正义战争”思想做了很大贡献。著有《道德的人与不道德的社会》、《人的本性与命运》等。

　　2.John Dewey

　　John Dewey, FAA (October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952) was an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Dewey is one of the primary figures associated with the philosophy of pragmatism and is considered one of the founders of functional psychology. A well-known public intellectual, he was also a major voice of progressive education and liberalism. Although Dewey is known best for his publications about education, he also wrote about many other topics, including epistemology, metaphysics, aesthetics, art, logic, social theory, and ethics.

　　2.约翰·杜威

　　约翰·杜威(1859年10月20日-1952年6月1日)是美国哲学家和教育家，与皮尔士、詹姆士一起被认为是美国实用主义哲学的重要代表人物。杜威最重要的两个教育思想：连续性以及实践中学习(或译从做中学)。杜威的教育思想曾对二十世纪上半叶的中国教育界、思想界发生过重大影响。民国时期一些重要人物如胡适、陶行知、郭秉文、张伯苓、蒋梦麟等均曾在美国哥伦比亚大学留学，曾是杜威的学生。他反对传统的灌输和机械训练、强调从实践中学习的教育主张，对蔡元培、晏阳初以至毛泽东等都有一定的影响。

　　3.Denis Diderot

　　Denis Diderot (5 October 1713 – 31 July 1784) was a French philosopher, art critic and writer. He was a prominent figure during the Enlightenment and is best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor and contributor to the Encyclopédie along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert.Diderot also contributed to literature, notably with Jacques le fataliste et son maître (Jacques the Fatalist and his Master), which was influenced by Laurence Sterne's novel Tristam Shandy in challenging conventions regarding novels and their structure and content, while also examining philosophical ideas about free will. Diderot is also known as the author of the dialogue Le Neveu de Rameau (Rameau's Nephew), upon which many articles and sermons about consumer desire have been based.

　　3.德尼·狄德罗

　　德尼·狄德罗(1713年10月5日-1784年7月31日)是法国启蒙思想家、唯物主义哲学家、无神论者和作家，百科全书派的代表。他的最大成就是主编《百科全书，或科学、艺术和工艺详解词典》(通常称为《百科全书》)(1751年—1772年)。此书概括了18世纪启蒙运动的精神。恩格斯称赞他是“为了对真理和正义的热诚而献出了整个生命”的人。他也被视为是现代百科全书的奠基人。