第二十章状语 复合结构状语

　　1 .状语有时由一个名词(或代词)加另一成份构成，是一种复合结构，也可称为独立结构(absolute construction ) .最常见的是“名词+现在分词”:

　　The plane crashed, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground.

　　飞机坠毁，它带的炸弹触地时爆炸了。

　　He groaned and fell to the floor, blood streaming from his nose.

　　他哼了一声，鼻子流着血，倒在地上。

　　Weather permitting, we'll go on an excursion to the Western Hills tomorrow.

　　天气要是合适，我们明天将去西山去玩。

　　The dark clouds having dispersed, the sun shone again.

　　乌云散去后太阳又出来了。

　　2 .还可以由过去分词(a ) ，形容词(b ) ，不成式(c ) ，介词短语(d )或副词(e )构成：

　　a.

　　He lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.

　　他脸朝天，头枕着双手躺着。

　　Fumin came in, his eyes slightly swollen.

　　傅民眼睛微微有些肿走了进来。

　　b.

　　He entered the room, his nose red with cold.

　　他鼻子冻得通红走了进来。

　　The people, their livelihood secure, now have leisure to take up sports .

　　现在人民生活有了保障，就有时间参加体育活动了。

　　c.

　　Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.

　　这儿是头两卷，第三卷下月出来。

　　d.

　　After killing the Japanese soldier, the two partisans ran away, riflein hand .

　　杀死那个日本兵之后，两个游击队员提枪逃掉了。

　　e.

　　He put on his socks wrong side out .

　　他袜子穿反了。

　　3 .介词with 也常可引起这种复合结构：

　　He fell asleep with the light still burning.

　　灯还亮着他就睡了。

　　She sat with her head bent.

　　她低着头坐着。

　　He was asleep wit his head on his arms .

　　他头枕着双臂睡着了。

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　　练习及答案：

　　练习一：在下面句子中的状语下划线:

　　1. He entered the dark room, gun in hand.

　　1. gun in hand

　　2. The old man satdown, his face pale with pain and traces of tears still on his cheeks.

　　2. his face pale with pain and traces of tears still on his cheeks

　　5. John beingaway, Henry had to do the work.

　　5. John beingaway

　　7. They were subdivided into three groups, each working on a project.

　　7. each working on a project

　　8. He sat in the front row, his mouth half open, his head thrust forward so as not to miss any word.

　　8. his mouth half open, his head thrust forward so as not to miss any word

　　练习二：在由with 引起的短语下划线:

　　1. They stood with their arms round each other, quivering.

　　1. with their arms round each other

　　2. We sat on the grass with our backs to the wall.

　　2. with our backs to the wall.

　　3. All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.

　　3. with the door locked

　　4. She sat with her arms round her knees.

　　4. with her arms round her knees

　　5. I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.

　　5. with my mother being ill