历届美国总统介绍:第13任总统 米勒德菲尔莫尔

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Millard Fillmore was born in the Finger Lakes country of New York in 1800. He was the 13th President of the United States, serving from 1850-1853. As a youth, he endured the hardships of frontier life and lived in a log cabin. His rise to wealth and the White House demonstrated that through hard work and some ability, "an uninspiring man could make the American dream come true".

1800年，米勒德·菲尔莫（Millard Fillmore）尔出生在纽约五指湖区。他是美国第13任总统，任期自1850年至1853年。他青年时期守着自己的小木屋，过着艰苦的边疆生活。他成为富人住进白宫后曾说道，通过努力工作，凭借一些能耐，“平凡之人也能实现美国梦。”

In 1823 he was admitted to the bar; seven years later he moved his law practice to Buffalo, in New York state. He held state office and for eight years was a member of the House of Representatives. In 1848, he was elected Vice President. He presided over the Senate during the months of nerve-wracking debates over the Compromise of 1850 when the south wanted to leave the Union.

他1823年被法院录用，七年后，他到纽约州布法罗践行法律。他曾当选纽约州议会议员，并在美国众议院服务了八年。他1848年被选为美国副总统。他1850年主持美国参议院长达数月，当时南方意图脱离美国联邦，参议院就和解协议一事争论不休。

The sudden death of President Zachary Taylor in July 1850 elevated Fillmore to President. One of his first bills was the Fugitive Slave Act, in which runaway slaves had to be returned to their owners. Opponents nicknamed it the 'Bloodhound Law' after the dogs used to hunt escaped slaves. He also saw California become the 31st state and abolished the slave trade (but not slavery) in the District of Columbia.

扎卡里·泰勒1850年7月突然逝世，菲尔莫尔得以继任美国总统。他颁布的第一个法案是《逃奴法案》，该法案规定，逃跑的奴隶必须回到奴隶主身边。反对派将该法案比喻为追捕逃跑奴隶的猎狗“血腥猎犬法案”(Bloodhound Law)。在他任职美国总统期间，加利福尼亚成为了美国的第31个州，哥伦比亚特区的奴隶买卖(不是奴隶制)被废止。

He was quite active with his foreign policy. He championed the rising trade with Japan and sent Commodore Matthew C. Perry to establish relations with the Japanese. He quashed Napoleon III's attempt to annex Hawaii by threatening military action, and did likewise with the British over their efforts to invade Cuba. Out of office, he opposed President Lincoln throughout the Civil War. He died on March 8, 1874.

菲尔莫尔在制定外交政策方面表现得很积极。他倡导与日本之间的贸易往来，还派海军准将马休·佩里前往日本建立外交关系。他遏止了拿破仑三世试图通过武力威胁吞并夏威夷的企图，同时，和英国人一样，他也热衷于侵犯古巴。在卸任美国总统之后，同时也是美国内战爆发期间，他对美国总统林肯一直持反对意见。菲尔莫尔1874年3月8日逝世。