异类:不一样的成功启示录 第17期:不公正的偏见
欧洲足球的组织模式和曲棍球、棒球的模式非常相似，
and the birth-date distributions in that sport are heavily skewed as well.
球员的出生日期呈现出一边倒的趋势，
In England, the eligibility date is September 1,
在英国足球联赛，球员注册的法定时间是9月1日，
and in the football association's premier league at one point in 1990s,
在前几年的英超联赛中，
there were 288 players born between September and November
有288名球员出生在9月份至11月份，
and only 136 players born between June and August.
仅仅136名球员出生在6月份至8月份。
In international soccer, the cutoff date used to be August 1,
国际足联规定的球员注册时间，一贯是8月1日，
and in one recent junior world championship tournament,
在一届世界青少年足球锦标赛中，
there were 135 players born in the first three months after August 1,
有135名球员在8月1日之后的三个月出生，
and just 22 born in May, June and July.
仅仅22名球员出生在5月份、6月份和7月份，
Today the cutoff date for international junior soccer is January 1,
现在，国际足联青少年锦标赛的注册时间调整成了1月1日。
and if you look at the roster of the 2007 Czechoslovakian National Junior Soccer team,
让我们看看2007年夺得世青赛冠军
which made the Junior World Cup finals.
的捷克斯洛伐克世靑队的出场球员名单。
You know what you find?
你会发现些什么?
Of the team's twenty-one players, six were born in January.
二十一名出场队员中，有六位是1月份出生的。
Six were born in February,
有六位是2月份出生的，
three were born in March,
3月份出生的有三位，
one was born in April,
而四月份出生地只有一位。
and no one on the team was born after the end of September.
这个队里并没有9月份以后出生的球员。
At the national team tryouts,
在国家队的集训中，
the Czech soccer coaches might as well have told everyone born after midsummer to pack their bags and go home.
捷克队的教练组或许可以劝告夏季中期之后出生的每一位球员，收拾行李回家，没必要留在国家队。
Hockey and soccer are just games of course, involving a select few.
曲棍球和足球毕竟只是一项运动，参与的人数不多。
But these exact same biases also show up in areas of much more consequence, like education.
但在其他非常重要的领域，这种偏见依旧顽固地存在着，例如教育领域。
Parents with a child born at the end of the calender year
比入学月份晚一些出生的同一入学年龄的儿童，
often think about holding their child back before the start of kindergarten.
他们的家长常常希望把自己的孩子从幼儿园领回家。
