万物简史 第18期:如何营造一个宇宙(10)

What is extraordinary from our point of view is howwell it turned out for us. If the universe had formedjust a tiny bit differently—if gravity were fractionallystronger or weaker, if the expansion had proceededjust a little more slowly or swiftly—then there mightnever have been stable elements to make you andme and the ground we stand on. Had gravity been atrifle stronger, the universe itself might havecollapsed like a badly erected tent, without preciselythe right values to give it the right dimensions anddensity and component parts. Had it been weaker,however, nothing would have coalesced. The universe would have remained forever a dull,scattered void.

从我们的角度来看，令人不可思议的是，这个结果对我们来说是那么完美。只要宇宙的形式稍稍不同--只要引力稍稍强一点或弱一点，只要膨胀稍稍慢一点或快一点--那么，也许就永远不会有稳定的元素来制造你和我，制造我们脚底下的地面。只要引力稍稍强一点，宇宙本身会像个没有支好的帐篷那样塌下来，也就没有恰到好处的值来赋予自己必要的大小、密度和组成部分。然而，要是弱了一点，什么东西也不会聚集在一起。宇宙会永远是单调、分散、虚空的。

This is one reason that some experts believe there may have been many other big bangs,perhaps trillions and trillions of them, spread through the mighty span of eternity, and thatthe reason we exist in this particular one is that this is one we could exist in. As Edward P.Tryon of Columbia University once put it: "In answer to the question of why it happened, I offerthe modest proposal that our Universe is simply one of those things which happen from timeto time." To which adds Guth: "Although the creation of a universe might be very unlikely,Tryon emphasized that no one had counted the failed attempts."

有的专家之所以认为也许有好多别的大爆炸，也许有几万亿次大爆炸，分布在无穷无尽的永恒里，这就是原因之一;我们之所以存在于这个特定的宇宙，是因为这个宇宙适合于我们的存在。正如哥伦比亚大学的爱德华?P.特赖恩所说："要回答它为什么产生了，我的敝见是，我们的宇宙只是那些不时产生的东西之一。"对此，古思补充说："虽然创建一个宇宙不大可能，但特赖恩强调说，谁也没有统计过失败的次数。"