侏罗纪搏击俱乐部 第111期:它在南美洲有亲戚

The name Majungasaurus is derived from the words "Majunga", which is a district of Madagascar where they found the dinosaur, and "tholus", which means dome in Latin.

玛君龙的名字来自两个词语，其一是“马任加”就是发现这种恐龙的马达加斯加的一个行政区名，另一个词语“tholus”，拉丁文意义是穹顶。

This hideous-looking dinosaur first appeared 70 million years ago and lived up into the end of the Cretaceous when all dinosaurs went extinct about 65 million years ago.

这种面貌狰狞的恐龙最早出现于七千万年前，一直生活到六千五百万年前所有恐龙一起灭绝的白垩纪末期。

Its remains are only found on the Island Madagascar, but it has relatives in South America.

其骨骸只有在马达加斯加岛被发现过，不过它在南美洲有亲戚。

That proves that at one time, Africa, Madagascar, India and South America were all connected in the super continent of Pangaea.

那证明了非洲、马达加斯加、印度和南美洲曾经都联系在泛大陆的超级大陆上。

Majungasaurus belonged to a family of dinosaurs called the Abelisaurids.

玛君龙属于叫做阿贝力龙的恐龙家族。

This family of dinosaurs shared several characteristics.

这家族的恐龙有几种共同特点。

The Abelisaurids are a group of meat eating dinosaurs, descendents of creatures similar to Ceratosaurus from the Jurassic period.

阿贝力龙是一组肉食恐龙，是类似于侏罗纪时期角鼻龙的生物的后代。

The Abelisaurids tended to have relatively short faces.

阿贝力龙往往有相对短的脸。

They tended to have very think snorts and had very short, bizarre arms where the hands are very, very small and the forearms are short enough, so they are basically just wrists.

它们往往有较厚的鼻口部和非常短小怪异的前肢，其手部非常之小，它的前臂很短基本就是一个腕子。

The Abelisaurids started off as a sort of secondary predator, a middling sizes predator in the southern continents.

阿贝力龙一开始时是南部各大洲一种体型中等的次级掠食者。

But in the late Cretaceous, when the Allosaurus had finally all died out, the Abelisaurus took over, and if you were in South America, or Africa, or India, or Madagascar, your greatest fear would be a Abelisaurus.

不过到了白垩纪后期，异特龙已经彻底消失，阿贝力龙就接任了，如果你那时在南美洲、非洲印度或马达加斯加岛，你最大的恐惧便是阿贝力龙了。

Some of the early description said it's a face that only a mother could love.

有些早期的描述说这张脸只有亲妈能喜欢。

It's a very ugly, rugose headed dinosaur.

这是一种头部多皱的丑陋恐龙。

Its nasalis are completely covered with lots of little pits and divots in the skull.

它脑袋上的鼻肌完全被众多的坑坑包包所覆盖。

It's a very ugly dinosaur, but very cool-looking dinosaur to paleontologists.

它是非常丑陋的恐龙，但在古生物学家眼中却很酷。

Along with its unusual face, Majungasaurus spouted a horn that jutted out from the middle of its forehead.

除了脸部长相非同寻常之外，玛君龙的额头正中还长出来了一个角。

This menacing spike may have served an important social function.

这个吓人的尖状物也许会有重要的社会功能。

When the first really nice skulls of Majungasaurus were found, one of the things that was very apparent was that there was this very complicated and rough looking bump on top of it head.

当人们发现了第一个完好的玛君龙头骨时，很明显的事情之一就是它头上有这个看来很复杂也很粗糙的突起。

Now we see that lots of different kinds of dinosaurs, including many kinds of predatory dinosaurs like Ceratosaurus, and Allosaurus, and even some specimens of Tyrannosaurus, have various kinds of horn-like structures or bumpy structures on their head.

我们现在知道多种不同恐龙，包括很多种掠食恐龙，比如角鼻龙和异特龙，甚至一些种类的暴龙，头上都有各种角状结构或是突起的结构。