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中风的警告信号是什么?

所属教程:科学前沿

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2019年08月13日

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What Are the Warning Signs of a Stroke?

中风的警告信号是什么?

IN THE TIME IT TAKES TO read this article, at least one person in the U.S. will die from a stroke. Depending on how fast you read, 10 or more will suffer a stroke before you reach the last sentence. Stroke, obviously, is nothing to take lightly.

在阅读本文的这段时间里,美国至少有一人将死于中风。根据你的阅读速度,10个或更多的人在你读到最后一句话之前会中风。很明显,中风是不能掉以轻心的。

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that stroke kills about 140,000 Americans each year. That is about 1 of every 20 deaths that occur annually in the country. Someone in the U.S. has a stroke every 40 seconds, and someone dies from it every four minutes. Although stroke riskincreases with age, about one-third of people hospitalized for stroke are under 65 years old.

美国疾病控制与预防中心估计,每年约有14万美国人死于中风。这大约是该国每年发生的20例死亡中的1例。在美国,每40秒就有一人中风,每4分钟就有一人死于中风。尽管中风的风险随着年龄的增长而增加,但大约三分之一年龄在65岁以下的人因中风而住院。

中风的警告信号是什么?

The CDC estimates that stroke costs the U.S. $34 billion each year in health care services, medicines to treat stroke and missed days of work. Stroke is a leading cause of serious long-term disability.

美国疾病控制与预防中心估计,中风每年给美国造成340亿美元的医疗服务、治疗中风的药物和旷工。中风是导致严重的长期残疾的主要原因。

Yet, despite these dire statistics, the American Stroke Association says that stroke "is preventable, treatable and beatable." The treatment part, however, depends the most on one important factor: speed. The faster you recognize the signs and symptoms of a stroke and begin treatment, the more likely you are to prevent long-term disability and death.

然而,尽管有这些可怕的统计数字,美国中风协会说中风“是可以预防、可治疗和可战胜的。”然而,治疗部分最依赖于一个重要因素:速度。你越早发现中风的征兆和症状并开始治疗,你就越有可能预防长期残疾和死亡。

Types of Stroke

中风的类型

First, it's important to understand what a stroke is. The most common type is called ischemic stroke. This is when a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain is obstructed by fatty deposits in the vessel lining, which is known as atherosclerosis. The ASA says about 87% of all strokes are ischemic in nature.

首先,了解中风是什么很重要。最常见的类型是缺血性中风。当向大脑供血的血管被血管内壁的脂肪沉积阻塞时,这就是动脉粥样硬化。ASA说87%的中风本质上是缺血性的。

中风的警告信号是什么?

Another important type of stroke to know about is called a transient ischemic attack, or TIA. Also called a ministroke, a TIA is a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain. It doesn't cause permanent damage, may not cause noticeable or long-lasting symptoms and is often ignored. But the ASA warns that TIAs may signal that a full-blown stroke is soon to come, so symptom awareness is critical.

另一种需要了解的重要中风类型是短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)。短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)也称为迷你发作(ministroke),是一种暂时性的脑部血液流动障碍。它不会造成永久性的损害,可能不会引起明显或长期的症状,而且常常被忽视。但是ASA警告说,TIAs可能预示着一场彻底的中风,因此症状意识是至关重要的。

Treatment

治疗方案

For many types of ischemic stroke, doctors or first responders administer a medication called tPA intravenously , which quickly dissolves the blood clot and restores blood flow to the brain. It works best when given within three hours of the onset of stroke, but can also be given after that in some cases to reduce long-term damage from the stroke. Surgeons can also remove a blood clot surgically by going into the blocked vessel and pulling it out with a corkscrew-like instrument.

对于许多类型的缺血性中风,医生或急救人员通过静脉注射一种名为tPA的药物,这种药物能迅速溶解血凝块,恢复流向大脑的血液。在中风发作后3小时内服用效果最佳,但在某些情况下,也可以在3小时后服用,以减少中风造成的长期损害。外科医生也可以通过手术移除血块,方法是进入被阻塞的血管,然后用类似软木塞的工具将其拔出。


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