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令人瞠目结舌的凯尔特战士墓中发现“千年之盾”

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2019年12月14日

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Jaw-Dropping Celtic Warrior Grave Contains Shield Labelled a Find 'of The Millennium'

令人瞠目结舌的凯尔特战士墓中发现“千年之盾”

Some archaeological finds have to be seen to be believed, and the discovery of the 2,200-year-old grave of a male Celtic warrior has experts very excited indeed – as you'll understand once you take a peek at the haul.

一些考古发现只有亲眼所见才能让人相信,而一名拥有2200年历史的凯尔特男性战士坟墓的发现确实让专家们非常兴奋——只要你瞥一眼就会明白这一点。

Among the findings in the grave is an ornate shield described as "the most important British Celtic art object of the millennium" by archaeologist Melanie Giles from the University of Manchester in the UK, as reported by the Independent.

据《独立报》报道,在墓穴中发现的一件华丽的盾牌被英国曼彻斯特大学的考古学家梅勒妮·贾尔斯描述为“千年最重要的英国凯尔特艺术品”。

Made in an early Celtic art style known as La Tène, the shield features an unusual scalloped edge and a triple spiral design called a triskele. The shield also shows organic forms such as mollusc shells, along with signs of having been repaired.

这面盾是早期凯尔特艺术风格的La Tene,其独特的扇形边缘和三螺旋设计被称为三螺旋。盾上还显示了软体动物壳等有机形态,以及修复的迹象。

令人瞠目结舌的凯尔特战士墓中发现“千年之盾”

The popular belief is that elaborate metal-faced shields were purely ceremonial, reflecting status, but not used in battle, says archaeologist Paula Ware from the MAP Archaeological Practice in the UK, according to the Yorkshire Post.

据《约克郡邮报》报道,来自英国地图考古实践的考古学家保拉·威尔说:“人们普遍认为,精心制作的金属面盾牌纯粹是用于仪式,反映身份地位,而不是用于战斗。”

Our investigation challenges this with the evidence of a puncture wound in the shield typical of a sword. Signs of repairs can also be seen, suggesting the shield was not only old but likely to have been well used.

“我们的调查对这一点提出了质疑,证据显示盾牌上有一个典型的剑形刺孔。修复的迹象也可以看到,表明盾牌不仅是旧的,而且可能已经被很好地使用了。”

Measuring 75 centimetres or nearly 30 inches across, the shield would have been crafted by hammering a bronze sheet of metal from underneath. Any leather and wood trappings that once existed on the defensive weapon have since rotted away.

这面盾宽75厘米(近30英寸),是用铁锤从下面锤出一块青铜薄片制成的。任何曾经存在于防御武器上的皮革和木头装饰都已经腐烂了。

Besides the shield, in a rather grim turn the grave also features what looks to be a chariot, complete with horses – though it's not clear if the horses were sacrificed for the purposes of the burial or had already died beforehand.

除了盾牌之外,坟墓还出现了一个相当阴森的转折,看上去像是一辆战车,里面有马——尽管不清楚这些马是为了埋葬而牺牲的,还是已经死了。

These horses were placed with their hooves on the ground and their rear legs looking as though they would leap out of the grave, Ware explained.

“这些马的蹄子放在地上,后腿看起来好像要跳出坟墓,”威尔解释说。

Seeing all this weaponry, a method of transportation, and provisions packed into the grave indicates how seriously Celtic tribes of the time considered the move to the afterlife. The society that this warrior would have lived in would have wanted to give him as much help as possible in whatever came next.

看到所有这些武器,一种运输方式,以及装在坟墓里的食物,这表明当时的凯尔特部落是多么认真地考虑到来生。这个战士所生活的社会会希望在接下来发生的任何事情上给予他尽可能多的帮助。

The man himself is thought to have been in his late 40s or older when he died, sometime around 320-174 BCE. Nothing like this type of burial has ever been seen in the UK before, although another chariot-and-horse grave was uncovered in Bulgaria in 2013.

据了解,这名男子死于公元前320-174年左右,当时已近40岁,甚至更老。尽管2013年在保加利亚发现了另一个由战车和战马组成的坟墓,但在英国以前从未见过这样的埋葬方式。

These latest findings haven't yet appeared in a peer-reviewed paper, but come from a burial site originally uncovered in 2018, near the town of Pocklington, Yorkshire. A red glass brooch and pig remains (another potential animal sacrifice) have also been discovered in the same grave.

这些最新的发现还没有发表在一篇经过同行评议的论文中,但是来自于2018年在约克郡Pocklington镇附近发现的一处墓地。在同一个墓穴中还发现了一个红色的玻璃胸针和猪的遗骸(另一个可能的动物祭品)。

As work continues on the artefacts uncovered from the site, expect to hear more about this ancient warrior and his unusual burial in the months and years to come – there are still plenty of unanswered questions.

随着发掘工作的继续,在接下来的几个月和几年里,我们将会听到更多关于这位古代战士和他不同寻常的葬礼的消息——仍然有许多未解之谜。

We don't know how the man died, Ware said, according to the Yorkshire Post. "There are some blunt force traumas but they wouldn't have killed him. I don't think he died in battle; it is highly likely he died in old age."

据《约克郡邮报》报道,威尔说:“我们不知道这个人是怎么死的。”“有一些钝器造成的创伤,但他们不会杀了他。我不认为他是战死的;他很可能是老死的。”

What his role was I can't tell you. He has collected some nice goodies along the way – he is definitely not run of the mill.

“我不能告诉你他的角色是什么。他一路上收集了一些好东西——他绝对不是普通的人。”


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