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火星轨道器(Mars Orbiter)刚刚发回了一张令人难以置信的照片

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2020年01月19日

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Mars Orbiter Just Sent Back an Incredible Photo of The Red Planet's Icy North Pole

火星轨道器(Mars Orbiter)刚刚发回了一张令人难以置信的照片,显示了这颗红色星球冰冷的北极

A new image from the ESA's Mars Express spacecraft shows how beautiful, and desolate, Mars can appear. It also highlights some of the natural process that shape the planet's surface.

一幅来自欧洲航天局火星快车探测器的新图像显示了火星是多么的美丽和荒凉。它还突出了塑造地球表面的一些自然过程。

The image is of the northern polar region, and it features bright patches of ice, deep dark troughs, and evidence of storms and strong winds.

这幅图像是北极地区,它的特点是明亮的冰块,深深的暗槽,以及风暴和强风的证据。

Of all the planets in the Solar System, Mars' seasons most closely resemble Earth's, although the Martian year is about twice as long as Earth's. The north pole goes through many changes throughout the seasons. The region is covered in layers of ice that experience subtle shifts in both their composition and extent.

在太阳系的所有行星中,火星的季节与地球的季节最相似,尽管火星的年份大约是地球的两倍。北极在四季中经历了许多变化。该地区被冰层覆盖,冰层的组成和范围都发生了微妙的变化。

火星轨道器(Mars Orbiter)刚刚发回了一张令人难以置信的照片

Thick layers of water ice cover the region throughout the year. Then in winter, when the temperature drops to extremes of -143°C (-225°F), carbon dioxides freezes and precipitates out of the thin air, forming a layer of frozen carbon dioxide on top of the water ice.

该地区终年覆盖着厚厚的水冰。到了冬天,当温度下降到零下143°C(零下225°F)时,二氧化碳会从稀薄的空气中凝结并沉淀,在水冰的表面形成一层冻结的二氧化碳。

That layer of frozen CO2 can be up to 2 meters (6.5 feet) thick.

那层冻结的二氧化碳可达2米(6.5英尺)厚。

At the same time, carbon dioxide clouds also form, and they can conceal the ground below from orbital view.

与此同时,二氧化碳云也形成了,它们可以从轨道上遮住下面的地面。

Luckily, the Mars Express Orbiter has an extremely powerful camera, called the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC.)

幸运的是,火星快车轨道飞行器有一个非常强大的相机,叫做高分辨率立体相机(HRSC)。

The HRSC is a powerful, full-color camera that is imaging the entirety of the Martian surface. Overall, it captures images at about 10-meter resolution.

HRSC是一种功能强大的全彩色照相机,可以对整个火星表面进行成像。总的来说,它能以10米的分辨率捕捉图像。

Within the HRSC there is another channel called the Super Resolution Camera (SRC) that can capture images at an even greater resolution of 2.3 meters/pixel of 2.35 km sq. The SRC is used on select areas of Mars.

在HRSC内部还有另一种被称为超级分辨率相机(SRC)的通道,它可以以更高的分辨率(2.3米/像素,2.35公里平方公里)捕捉图像。SRC用于火星上选定的区域。

火星轨道器(Mars Orbiter)刚刚发回了一张令人难以置信的照片

The strength of HRSC is to perform high resolution digital terrain models of the martian surface in order to provide topographic context for the geoscientific evaluation of surface processes in space and time, says Ralf Jaumann, HRSC Principal Investigator from the Institute of Planetary Research, DLR, Berlin, Germany.

来自德国柏林DLR行星研究所的HRSC首席研究员Ralf Jaumann说:“HRSC的优势在于能够执行火星表面的高分辨率数字地形模型,从而为空间和时间上的地表过程的地球科学评估提供地形背景。”

The leading image is an HRSC image of the northern polar cap in the summer of 2006. The image shows the whites of the polar ices and the browns and reds of Martian dust.

最主要的图片是2006年夏天HRSC拍摄的北极冰帽。图片显示了极地冰的白色和火星尘埃的棕色和红色。

The red and brown troughs look like they're cutting through the ice, and they're actually part of a larger spiral pattern of troughs that radiate outwards from the center of the north pole. From above, they look like kind of like a pattern of zebra stripes.

红色和棕色的冰槽看起来像是在切割冰,实际上它们是一个更大的螺旋形冰槽的一部分,这些冰槽从北极中心向外辐射。从上面看,它们有点像斑马条纹的图案。


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