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科学家称他们可能发现了一种(保持)苗条的基因

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2020年05月22日

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Scientists say they may have found a skinny gene

科学家称他们可能发现了一种(保持)苗条的基因

We all know the type. They can eat all they want, spend zero time at the gym and don't put on an ounce.

我们都知道这种类型(的人)。他们可以想吃什么就吃什么,在健身房锻炼的时间为零,体重也不会增加。

Now, according to new preliminary research published Thursday in the journal Cell, scientists may have discovered the gene that helps these super-skinny individuals stay so slim, potentially opening up a new frontier in treatments to tackle obesity.

现在,根据周四发表在《细胞》杂志上的一项新的初步研究,科学家们可能已经发现了帮助这些超瘦的人保持苗条的基因,这可能开辟了治疗肥胖的新领域。

An international team of scientists said they have identified a genetic variant unique to thin individuals in what's known as the ALK gene. The ALK gene makes a protein called anaplastic lymphoma kinase, which is involved in cell growth.

一个国际科学家小组说,他们已经在已知的ALK基因中发现了一种瘦人特有的基因变异。ALK基因产生一种叫做间变性淋巴瘤激酶的蛋白质,它与细胞生长有关。

科学家称他们可能发现了一种(保持)苗条的基因

They pinpointed the variant after looking at DNA samples and clinical data of more than 47,000 healthy people in Estonia between the ages of 20 and 44.

在对爱沙尼亚超过47000名年龄在20到44岁之间的健康人群的DNA样本和临床数据进行分析后,他们确定了这种变异。

"The Estonia biobank is very unique in its detail," said senior author Josef Penninger, a professor in the department of medical genetics and the director of the Life Sciences Institute at the University of British Columbia.

英国哥伦比亚大学医学遗传学系教授、生命科学研究所所长、资深作家约瑟夫·潘宁格说:“爱沙尼亚生物数据库的细节非常独特。

"We looked at the genetic maps of people with a BMI [body mass index] below 18 and compared them with those of people of normal weight and found the [genetic variant] that correlated with being super skinny," Penninger said.

潘宁格说:“我们研究了BMI(身体质量指数)低于18的人的基因图谱,并将其与正常体重的人进行比较,发现了与超瘦相关的基因变异。”

The team then examined how the ALK gene functions in mice and flies.

然后,研究小组研究了ALK基因在老鼠和苍蝇中的作用。

Stephen O'Rahilly, professor and head of the department of clinical biochemistry and the director of the metabolic diseases unit at the University of Cambridge, said the research was "not definitive" but "very interesting."

剑桥大学临床生物化学系教授、代谢疾病研究室主任斯蒂芬·奥拉希利说,这项研究“不是确定的”,但“非常有趣”。

Thinner flies and mice

更瘦的苍蝇和老鼠

Scientists already know that a mutated form of the ALK gene and protein can drive the development of cancer tumors, the study said. Mutated forms of the gene and protein have been found in non-small cell lung cancer, anaplastic large cell lymphoma and neuroblastoma, a brain cancer.

研究称,科学家已经知道,ALK基因和蛋白质的突变形式可以推动癌症肿瘤的发展。在非小细胞肺癌、间变性大细胞淋巴瘤和神经母细胞瘤(一种脑癌)中发现了基因和蛋白质的突变形式。

科学家称他们可能发现了一种(保持)苗条的基因

This new finding suggested a different mutation of the gene may play a role in thinness and resistance to gaining weight. To test this, the scientists conducted experiments on flies and mice and found that deleting this gene resulted in thinner versions of those flies and mice.

这一新发现表明,该基因的另一个突变可能在瘦身和抵抗体重增加方面起作用。为了验证这一点,科学家们在苍蝇和老鼠身上进行了实验,发现删除这个基因会导致这些苍蝇和老鼠变瘦。

"We gave the mice (what amounted to) a McDonald's diet. The normal mice got obese and the ones without ALK remained skinny," Penninger said.

“我们给老鼠(相当于)吃了一顿麦当劳。正常的老鼠变得肥胖,而那些没有ALK的老鼠仍然很瘦。”潘宁格说。

The team's mouse studies also suggested that the ALK gene instructs fat tissues to burn more fat from food.

该小组的老鼠研究也表明,ALK基因指示脂肪组织从食物中燃烧更多的脂肪。

He said that previous studies in much larger populations have shown a suggestive, but not strong, signal of an association with body weight in that area of the genome, and it was unlikely that the variation would be unique to Estonians.

他说,以前在更大的人群中进行的研究显示,在基因组的这一区域,有一个暗示性但不强烈的信号表明体重与此有关,而且这种变异不太可能是爱沙尼亚人独有的。

Penninger said that treatments targeting the gene might help scientists fight obesity in the future.

潘宁格说,针对这种基因的治疗可能有助于科学家在未来对抗肥胖。

"If you think about it, it's realistic that we could shut down ALK and reduce ALK function to see if we did stay skinny," Penninger said.

“如果你仔细想想,我们可以关闭ALK并减少ALK功能,看看我们是否真的能保持苗条,这是很现实的,” 潘宁格说。


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