双语新闻：气候变化预计蚊子数量将增加，给人类公共健康构成威胁
现在是午餐时间。在美国犹他州盐湖城的一个实验室里，蚊子找到了埃拉·布兰汉姆的手臂。
"They're not very aggressive and they're kind of picky eaters," said Branham. She breathed into a glass tank to attract the insects to the carbon dioxide in her breath. "So I'll be feeding them with my arm."
布兰汉姆说：“它们攻击性不强，而且有点挑食。”。她向一个玻璃罐里呼吸，以吸引昆虫吸入她呼吸中的二氧化碳。“所以我会用胳膊喂它们。”
Branham had volunteered to let the South American mosquitoes, called sabethes cyaneus, feed on her blood. She is doing so to help produce eggs and maintain the colony for education and research at the Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District.
布兰汉姆曾自愿让一种名为赛尼俄斯的南美蚊子以她的血液为食。她这样做是为了帮助生产鸡蛋，并维护盐湖城灭蚊区的教育和研究基地。
The district is one of many mosquito control areas around the United States that seek to control one of the world's deadliest animals. Mosquitoes are expected to strengthen as climate change creates a warmer and wetter environment.
该地区是美国众多蚊子控制区之一，旨在控制世界上最致命的动物之一。随着气候变化造成更温暖、更潮湿的环境，预计蚊子数量将增加。
Mosquitoes can carry viruses including dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika. They are especially threatening to public health in Asia and Africa but are closely watched in the United States. Local agencies reported more than 1,100 cases of West Nile virus in 2022, says the U.S. Centers for Disease Control.
蚊子可以携带登革热、黄热病、基孔肯雅病和寨卡病毒。它们对亚洲和非洲的公共健康尤其构成威胁，但在美国受到密切关注。美国疾病控制中心表示，2022年，当地机构报告了1100多例西尼罗河病毒病例。
Most humans who get West Nile show no symptoms. But for some, it can cause vomiting, fever and in rare cases seizures or meningitis. Over roughly the last 25 years, nearly 3,000 deaths and more than 25,000 hospitalizations connected to West Nile were reported throughout the U.S., mostly in August.
大多数感染西尼罗河的人没有表现出任何症状。但对一些人来说，它会导致呕吐、发烧，在极少数情况下还会引发癫痫发作或脑膜炎。大约在过去的25年里，美国各地报告了与西尼罗河有关的近3000人死亡和25000多人住院，其中大部分发生在8月份。
West Nile deaths have been reported this year in states including Texas and Colorado. Mosquitoes are also thought to have caused malaria infections of people in Maryland, Florida and Texas.
今年，包括得克萨斯州和科罗拉多州在内的州都有西尼罗河死亡的报告。蚊子也被认为导致马里兰州、佛罗里达州和得克萨斯州的人们感染疟疾。
Ary Faraji is a disease expert and the director of the Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District. He said the mosquito season is starting earlier and lasting longer as the climate has warmed. The district used to shut down each year in mid-September, but that has gotten later and later. Last year, district workers were still setting and checking traps until late November.
Ary Faraji是一名疾病专家，也是盐湖城灭蚊区的负责人。他说，随着气候变暖，蚊子季节开始得更早，持续时间更长。该地区过去每年9月中旬都会关闭，但现在已经越来越晚了。去年，直到11月底，地区工作人员仍在设置和检查陷阱。
And this year, workers estimated that there were five times as many mosquitos in May compared to the average year. There was an unusually snowy winter in Salt Lake City and a very rainy spring that left more water for mosquitoes to breed in.
今年，工作人员估计，5月份的蚊子数量是平均年份的五倍。盐湖城有一个异常多雪的冬天，一个非常多雨的春天，留下了更多的水供蚊子繁殖。
That is where the health threat comes in. While both males and females feed on sugar or nectar throughout their lives, females require blood to provide nutrition to their eggs.
这就是健康威胁的来源。虽然雄性和雌性一生都以糖或花蜜为食，但雌性需要血液为卵子提供营养。
The workers, including scientists and students, use drones, boats and vehicles to trap, sort and test mosquitos for viruses. Their work considers how things like weather systems and population growth will affect the spread of disease.
包括科学家和学生在内的工作人员使用无人机、船只和车辆诱捕、分类和测试蚊子的病毒。他们的工作考虑了天气系统和人口增长等因素将如何影响疾病的传播。
The more people there are close to a lot of mosquitos, the higher the chance of spread, Faraji said. The wetland areas surrounding Utah's Great Salt Lake are problematic, he added.
Faraji说，靠近大量蚊子的人越多，传播的几率就越高。他补充道，犹他州大盐湖周围的湿地存在问题。
Though dangerous, mosquitoes are also important to ecosystems throughout the world. Some serve as pollinators or food sources to fish, birds and frogs.
蚊子虽然很危险，但对全世界的生态系统也很重要。有些是鱼类、鸟类和青蛙的传粉昆虫或食物来源。
"We try to maintain a balance and suppress them to the point that they're not negatively affecting communities," Faraji said. "Taking them away would definitely negatively impact our ecosystem overall."
Faraji说：“我们试图保持平衡，压制他们，使他们不会对社区产生负面影响。”。“把它们拿走肯定会对我们的整个生态系统产生负面影响。”
"They're not very aggressive and they're kind of picky eaters," said Branham. She breathed into a glass tank to attract the insects to the carbon dioxide in her breath. "So I'll be feeding them with my arm."
布兰汉姆说：“它们攻击性不强，而且有点挑食。”。她向一个玻璃罐里呼吸，以吸引昆虫吸入她呼吸中的二氧化碳。“所以我会用胳膊喂它们。”
Branham had volunteered to let the South American mosquitoes, called sabethes cyaneus, feed on her blood. She is doing so to help produce eggs and maintain the colony for education and research at the Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District.
布兰汉姆曾自愿让一种名为赛尼俄斯的南美蚊子以她的血液为食。她这样做是为了帮助生产鸡蛋，并维护盐湖城灭蚊区的教育和研究基地。
The district is one of many mosquito control areas around the United States that seek to control one of the world's deadliest animals. Mosquitoes are expected to strengthen as climate change creates a warmer and wetter environment.
该地区是美国众多蚊子控制区之一，旨在控制世界上最致命的动物之一。随着气候变化造成更温暖、更潮湿的环境，预计蚊子数量将增加。
Mosquitoes can carry viruses including dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika. They are especially threatening to public health in Asia and Africa but are closely watched in the United States. Local agencies reported more than 1,100 cases of West Nile virus in 2022, says the U.S. Centers for Disease Control.
蚊子可以携带登革热、黄热病、基孔肯雅病和寨卡病毒。它们对亚洲和非洲的公共健康尤其构成威胁，但在美国受到密切关注。美国疾病控制中心表示，2022年，当地机构报告了1100多例西尼罗河病毒病例。
Most humans who get West Nile show no symptoms. But for some, it can cause vomiting, fever and in rare cases seizures or meningitis. Over roughly the last 25 years, nearly 3,000 deaths and more than 25,000 hospitalizations connected to West Nile were reported throughout the U.S., mostly in August.
大多数感染西尼罗河的人没有表现出任何症状。但对一些人来说，它会导致呕吐、发烧，在极少数情况下还会引发癫痫发作或脑膜炎。大约在过去的25年里，美国各地报告了与西尼罗河有关的近3000人死亡和25000多人住院，其中大部分发生在8月份。
West Nile deaths have been reported this year in states including Texas and Colorado. Mosquitoes are also thought to have caused malaria infections of people in Maryland, Florida and Texas.
今年，包括得克萨斯州和科罗拉多州在内的州都有西尼罗河死亡的报告。蚊子也被认为导致马里兰州、佛罗里达州和得克萨斯州的人们感染疟疾。
Ary Faraji is a disease expert and the director of the Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District. He said the mosquito season is starting earlier and lasting longer as the climate has warmed. The district used to shut down each year in mid-September, but that has gotten later and later. Last year, district workers were still setting and checking traps until late November.
Ary Faraji是一名疾病专家，也是盐湖城灭蚊区的负责人。他说，随着气候变暖，蚊子季节开始得更早，持续时间更长。该地区过去每年9月中旬都会关闭，但现在已经越来越晚了。去年，直到11月底，地区工作人员仍在设置和检查陷阱。
And this year, workers estimated that there were five times as many mosquitos in May compared to the average year. There was an unusually snowy winter in Salt Lake City and a very rainy spring that left more water for mosquitoes to breed in.
今年，工作人员估计，5月份的蚊子数量是平均年份的五倍。盐湖城有一个异常多雪的冬天，一个非常多雨的春天，留下了更多的水供蚊子繁殖。
That is where the health threat comes in. While both males and females feed on sugar or nectar throughout their lives, females require blood to provide nutrition to their eggs.
这就是健康威胁的来源。虽然雄性和雌性一生都以糖或花蜜为食，但雌性需要血液为卵子提供营养。
The workers, including scientists and students, use drones, boats and vehicles to trap, sort and test mosquitos for viruses. Their work considers how things like weather systems and population growth will affect the spread of disease.
包括科学家和学生在内的工作人员使用无人机、船只和车辆诱捕、分类和测试蚊子的病毒。他们的工作考虑了天气系统和人口增长等因素将如何影响疾病的传播。
The more people there are close to a lot of mosquitos, the higher the chance of spread, Faraji said. The wetland areas surrounding Utah's Great Salt Lake are problematic, he added.
Faraji说，靠近大量蚊子的人越多，传播的几率就越高。他补充道，犹他州大盐湖周围的湿地存在问题。
Though dangerous, mosquitoes are also important to ecosystems throughout the world. Some serve as pollinators or food sources to fish, birds and frogs.
蚊子虽然很危险，但对全世界的生态系统也很重要。有些是鱼类、鸟类和青蛙的传粉昆虫或食物来源。
"We try to maintain a balance and suppress them to the point that they're not negatively affecting communities," Faraji said. "Taking them away would definitely negatively impact our ecosystem overall."
Faraji说：“我们试图保持平衡，压制他们，使他们不会对社区产生负面影响。”。“把它们拿走肯定会对我们的整个生态系统产生负面影响。”
