双语新闻：采矿活动产生的温室气体排放量多，部分矿业公司正在考虑改变商业方式

Mining companies produce important metals needed to build electric car batteries and solar panels.

矿业公司生产制造电动汽车电池和太阳能电池板所需的重要金属。

Devices called smelters process the rock and minerals so the metal can be purified and sold to manufacturers. The work requires a lot of energy.

被称为冶炼厂的设备对岩石和矿物进行加工，这样金属就可以被提纯并出售给制造商。这项工作需要大量的精力。

The advisory business McKinsey & Company says mining operations produce between four and seven percent of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. Those are gases released into the atmosphere that some scientists say are warming the planet.

咨询公司麦肯锡公司表示，采矿活动产生的温室气体排放量占世界温室气体排放量的4%到7%。一些科学家说，这些被释放到大气中的气体正在使地球变暖。

Some of the companies that use mined materials include Apple, Hyundai and Mercedes. Those companies are now putting pressure on mining companies to use less energy. Many of those companies have environmental, social and governance, or ESG, commitments. The ESG commitments require companies such as Apple and carmaker Volvo to choose materials that are made in a less harmful way when possible.

使用开采材料的公司包括苹果、现代和梅赛德斯。这些公司现在正在向矿业公司施加压力，要求它们减少能源的使用。其中许多公司都有环境、社会和治理(ESG)承诺。ESG承诺要求苹果和汽车制造商沃尔沃等公司尽可能选择危害较小的材料。

Some mining companies are thinking about how they can change their business methods to use less energy and create less pollution.

一些矿业公司正在考虑如何改变他们的商业方式，以减少能源消耗和减少污染。

The pressure is changing the way mines in Indonesia, Chile and Canada operate.

这种压力正在改变印尼、智利和加拿大煤矿的运营方式。

On the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia, the Brazilian mining company Vale runs its smelters using hydroelectric power instead of diesel fuel. The hydroelectric power comes from three dams the company built years ago. Vale now says it can reduce its carbon dioxide by over 1 million tons per year. The company says its greenhouse gas emissions are down by one-fifth since 2017.

在印度尼西亚的苏拉威西岛，巴西矿业公司淡水河谷使用水力发电而不是柴油来运营冶炼厂。水力发电来自该公司多年前建造的三座水坝。淡水河谷现在表示，它每年可以减少超过100万吨的二氧化碳。该公司表示，自2017年以来，其温室气体排放量下降了五分之一。

The smelter in Sulawesi produces 75,000 tons of nickel each year. The metal is used for batteries, electric cars and many machines used around the home. While the company runs the smelter on hydroelectric power, other machines still require coal power.

这家位于苏拉威西岛的冶炼厂每年生产7.5万吨镍。这种金属用于制造电池、电动汽车和许多家用机器。虽然该公司使用水力发电来运行冶炼厂，但其他机器仍然需要燃煤发电。

The demand for metals such as nickel and cobalt is rising as more people drive electric cars and use solar panels to power their homes. But as new mines open and active mines increase operations, environmental activists wonder if the mining companies can continue to reduce pollution.

随着越来越多的人驾驶电动汽车和使用太阳能电池板为家庭供电，对镍和钴等金属的需求正在上升。但随着新矿的开矿和活跃矿的增加，环保人士怀疑矿业公司能否继续减少污染。

Activists say pressure is important to get industries to create less pollution. In Chile, mines that produce copper, lithium and other materials use some energy from solar farms. In Canada, the Raglan mine in the far northern part of Quebec produces nickel with the help of wind power.

活动人士表示，压力对于让工业减少污染很重要。在智利，生产铜、锂和其他材料的矿山使用一些来自太阳能农场的能源。在加拿大，位于魁北克省北部的拉格兰矿依靠风力发电生产镍。

Michael Goodsite teaches civil and environmental engineering at the University of Adelaide in Australia. He said the mines that are moving away from diesel fuel are setting a good example.

Michael Goodsite在澳大利亚阿德莱德大学教授土木与环境工程。他说，那些不再使用柴油的煤矿树立了一个好榜样。

"How they move from fossil fuel operations to other energy sources can and should be learned from by others," he said.

他说:“他们如何从化石燃料转向其他能源，可以而且应该被其他国家学习。”

In Indonesia, President Joko Widodo has pushed for his country to develop its own industries. One of those industries is mining. Indonesia is the world's largest producer of nickel and Vale recently signed a deal for a $4.5 billion processing center. Some of the investment came from Ford, the U.S.-based automaker.

在印度尼西亚，总统佐科·维多多一直在推动该国发展自己的工业。其中一个行业就是采矿业。印尼是世界上最大的镍生产国，淡水河谷最近签署了一项价值45亿美元的加工中心协议。部分投资来自美国汽车制造商福特。

Ford is concerned about how its materials are produced. Ford official Christopher Smith said the company can "help ensure that the nickel we use in electric vehicle batteries is mined ... produced within the same ESG standards as...our business around the world."

福特关心的是材料的生产方式。福特官员克里斯托弗·史密斯表示，该公司可以“帮助确保我们用于电动汽车电池的镍是开采出来的……在与…相同的ESG标准下生产…我们的业务遍布全球。”

But mining companies may not be able to change fast enough for people worried about climate change.

但对于担心气候变化的人们来说，矿业公司的改变速度可能不够快。

Coal is used to power some of Vale's metal processing in Indonesia. Febriany Eddy is chief of Vale Indonesia. She said the company plans to change from coal to liquefied natural gas. Experts say the gas is not as bad as coal.

淡水河谷在印尼的一些金属加工用煤作为动力。Febriany Eddy是淡水河谷印尼公司的负责人。她说，该公司计划将煤炭改为液化天然气。专家表示，天然气不像煤炭那么糟糕。

Eddy said it is the best current choice. The company believes better options may not be available for 15 to 20 years.

艾迪说这是目前最好的选择。该公司认为，未来15到20年可能都不会有更好的选择。

She said she could wait for the perfect solution, or she can work with natural gas saying, "it is a transition, only." Eddy said natural gas will reduce emissions by 40 percent.

她说，她可以等待完美的解决方案，或者她可以与天然气合作，说，“这只是一个过渡。”埃迪说，天然气将减少40%的排放量。

Some climate activists say natural gas still produces methane and carbon dioxide, which, they say, hurt the environment.

一些气候活动人士说，天然气仍然会产生甲烷和二氧化碳，他们说，这会损害环境。

But Eddy said Vale can save money in the long run by producing its own energy in Indonesia. She said hydroelectric power reduces the company's carbon emissions and also permits the company to save money. "We are no longer that (vulnerable) to fuel and coal costs – because we have hydropower," she said.

但艾迪表示，从长远来看，淡水河谷可以通过在印尼生产自己的能源来节省资金。她说，水力发电减少了公司的碳排放，也使公司节省了资金。她说:“我们不再那么容易受到燃料和煤炭成本的影响，因为我们有水电。”

Some products will still be made by businesses that are not making energy changes Goodsite, the university professor in Australia, said when asked about China.

当被问及中国问题时，澳大利亚大学教授古德site表示，一些产品仍将由不进行能源变革的企业生产。

He added that some of the changes will come because businesses want to reduce their energy use. However, he said change will happen if people, who he called "end users," who buy cars and mobile phones and other products choose to buy things made from different materials.

他补充说，一些变化将会发生，因为企业希望减少他们的能源使用。然而，他说，如果人们，即他所说的“终端用户”，购买汽车、手机和其他产品，选择购买由不同材料制成的东西，就会发生变化。

And he said people have to be ready to pay a lot more for these new products. "We all need to be prepared to pay a significant premium for that," Goodsite said.

他说，人们必须准备好为这些新产品支付更多的钱。古德斯特说:“我们都需要为此付出高昂的代价。”