双语新闻：巴西北部水位低，靠近亚马逊河

People, animals and fish who depend on the waterways connected to the Amazon River close to the Brazilian city of Manaus are facing a long period of dry weather.

依赖巴西城市玛瑙斯附近与亚马逊河相连的水路的人类、动物和鱼类正面临着长期的干旱天气。

The city's port is an important economic area for northern Brazil. But recently, the water level of the area where the Amazon and Rio Negro rivers meet reached a very low level.

这座城市的港口是巴西北部重要的经济区域。但是最近，亚马逊河和bbbbo Negro河交汇处的水位降到了非常低的水平。

The civil defense agency in Amazonas state said the drought is hurting over 400,000 people.

亚马逊州民防机构表示，干旱造成40多万人受伤。

Those who have floating homes or use boats to move around on the river for work cannot travel. They cannot get fuel, food or fresh water.

那些拥有漂浮房屋或使用船只在河上工作的人不能旅行。他们无法获得燃料、食物或淡水。

Animals and fish along the river are dying. Thousands of dead fish float on the water's surface. A number of river dolphins died when they washed up on land. Dolphins are rare water mammals that live in Brazil's biggest rivers.

沿河的动物和鱼类正在死亡。成千上万条死鱼漂浮在水面上。许多河豚被冲上岸后死亡。海豚是生活在巴西最大河流中的稀有水生哺乳动物。

The organization that runs the port said the water level is only about 14 meters, the lowest since measurements started in 1902.

管理该港口的组织表示，水位只有大约14米，是自1902年开始测量以来的最低水平。

The previous all-time low came in 2010.

此前的历史低点出现在2010年。

Without water, ‘there is no life'

没有水就没有生命

Brazil's monitoring and disaster alert center, Cemaden, said the rainfall in the Amazon area is the lowest it has been since July to September 1980.

巴西监测和灾害警报中心Cemaden表示，亚马逊地区的降雨量是1980年7月至9月以来的最低水平。

The nation's science ministry said the weather pattern known as El Niño is to blame for the drought and low rainfall.

国家科技部表示，厄尔尼诺是造成干旱和低降雨量的原因。

Reporters in the area are describing the situation as "grim."

该地区的记者形容局势“严峻”。

Raimundo Silva do Carmo is a fisherman. But he cannot fish at this time. It takes him much of the day just to get water. One recent morning he was making his fourth visit of the day to a well east of Manaus.

雷蒙多·席尔瓦·多·卡莫是一名渔夫。但是他现在不能钓鱼。光是取水就花了他一天的大部分时间。最近的一个早晨，他正在马瑙斯以东的一口井进行一天中的第四次访问。

He called carrying a water container back and forth "dreadful work" made harder because of the hot sun. "Without water," he said, "there is no life."

他说，来回搬运一个盛水的容器是“可怕的工作”，因为炎热的太阳使它变得更加困难。“没有水，”他说，“就没有生命。”

Another man, Joaquim Mendes da Silva is 73. For 43 years, he repaired ships on a large lake. The water is the lowest he has ever seen.

另一名男子Joaquim Mendes da Silva现年73岁。43年来，他一直在一个大湖上修理船只。这是他见过的最低的水位。

Children in the area stopped going to school one month ago because they could no longer travel by boat to the schoolhouse.

一个月前，该地区的孩子们不再上学了，因为他们不能再乘船去学校了。

Along with Amazonas state, Cemaden said seven other states recorded their lowest rainfall in 40 years for the period from July to September.

Cemaden说，除了亚马逊州，其他7个州在7月至9月期间的降雨量也是40年来最低的。

The drought is hurting all of the waterways that connect to the Amazon River, an area that contains 20 percent of the world's fresh water. By last week, 42 of the 62 cities and towns in the area declared a state of emergency.

干旱正在损害所有与亚马逊河相连的水道，该地区拥有世界上20%的淡水。截至上周，该地区62个城镇中有42个宣布进入紧急状态。

In one area, about 600 kilometers east of the lake, about 300 families are having trouble getting food and supplies in the Auati-Paraná reserve. They can only use small boats to get to the closest city. As a result, their travel time is 14 hours instead of the usual nine.

在湖以东约600公里的一个地区，大约300个家庭在保护区获得食物和补给方面遇到困难。他们只能用小船去最近的城市。因此，他们的旅行时间是14小时，而不是通常的9小时。

Along the river, people fish for a large fish called a pirarucu. The fish weigh as much as 200 kilograms. People catch the fish and then take them to local markets. They usually bring their catch to market by boat. But they can no longer sell the fish because they cannot reach the market.

人们沿河捕捞一种叫做食人鱼的大鱼。这些鱼重达200公斤。人们捕捉鱼，然后把它们带到当地市场。他们通常用船把渔获物运到市场。但是他们不能再卖鱼了，因为他们无法到达市场。

Edvaldo de Lira is a local business leader. He said the fishermen "run the risk of catching fish in the lake, and it arrives spoiled. So, there is no way for us to fish," de Lira said.

Edvaldo de Lira是当地的一位商业领袖。他说，渔民们“冒着在湖中捕鱼的风险，鱼到了后就变质了。所以，我们没有办法捕鱼，”德里拉说。

Rain does not fall all year in the Amazon area. Rainfall is light from May to October, but the El Niño weather event is reducing the rain more than usual, said Ana Paula Cunha of Cemaden.

亚马逊地区并非全年都下雨。Cemaden的安娜·保拉·库尼亚说，从5月到10月，降雨量很少，但厄尔尼诺现象使降雨量比平时减少得更多。

Climate scientists say the effects of El Niño this year are stronger because of global warming. Warming temperatures, they say, are because of carbon gases from years of burning coal, oil and gas.

气候科学家表示，由于全球变暖，今年厄尔尼诺的影响更大。他们说，气温升高是由于多年来燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气产生的碳气体。

One of the important rivers in the Amazon area is the Madeira. It travels over 3,500 kilometers from Bolivia to Brazil. Four of its five lowest water levels were recorded in the last four years, the Brazilian Geological Survey said.

马德拉河是亚马逊地区的重要河流之一。从玻利维亚到巴西，绵延3500多公里。巴西地质调查局表示，在过去四年中，该地区五个最低水位中有四个出现了记录。

In the port city of Porto Velho, the river's level is the lowest since measurements started in 1967. Brazil's fourth-largest hydroelectric dam, which produces power from water, is in nearby Santo Antonio. It stopped producing power last week for the first time since it opened in 2012.

在港口城市韦柳港，河水水位是自1967年开始测量以来的最低水平。巴西第四大水力发电大坝位于附近的圣安东尼奥。自2012年投产以来，该电站上周首次停止发电。

Unprecedented difficulties

前所未有的困难

For now, the Brazilian government of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is sending food and water to the far away communities in the northern part of the country. Engineers will start digging paths along dry rivers for boat travel. Payments will soon go to families who cannot work.

目前，巴西总统路易斯·Inácio卢拉·达席尔瓦领导的政府正在向该国北部偏远地区运送食物和水。工程师们将开始沿着干涸的河流挖掘道路，供船只通行。这笔款项将很快发放给无法工作的家庭。

But the problems will continue, experts say.

但专家表示，问题将继续存在。

Photographs of dead dolphins appeared in newspapers and on television programs. Ayan Fleischmann is a hydrologist, or a scientist who studies water, at the Mamiraua Sustainable Development Institute. It describes itself as a social organization supervised by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation. He said the photos were a "shock for everyone." He said the extreme heat may have hurt the organs of the dolphins or contributed to the growth of harmful bacteria.

死海豚的照片出现在报纸和电视节目上。Ayan Fleischmann是马米罗瓦可持续发展研究所的一名水文学家或研究水的科学家。它将自己描述为一个由科学技术和创新部监管的社会组织。他说这些照片“震惊了所有人”。他说，极端的高温可能伤害了海豚的器官，或者导致了有害细菌的生长。

"It was an unprecedented tragedy," he said. Unprecedented means never seen before.

“这是一场前所未有的悲剧，”他说。“史无前例”的意思是从未见过。

Experts in Brazil from the National Institute for Space Research say the drought will likely continue until the end of 2023.

巴西国家空间研究所的专家表示，干旱可能会持续到2023年底。