双语新闻：美国男孩高中毕业率低于女孩

The U.S. government does not require states to report graduation rates by a student's sex. But in every state reporting high school graduation rates by gender, research shows female students graduate at higher rates than male students.

美国政府并不要求各州根据学生的性别报告毕业率。但在每一个按性别报告高中毕业率的州，研究表明，女学生的毕业率高于男学生。

A report from the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C., found that, in 37 states reporting the data, more than 45,000 fewer boys than girls graduated high school in 2018.

华盛顿布鲁金斯学会的一份报告发现，在37个报告数据的州，2018年高中毕业的男孩比女孩少4.5万多。

Richard Reeves was one of the writers of the report from 2021. He said that about 88 percent of girls graduated on time compared with 82 percent of boys that year. A follow up study in 2021 found the difference in graduation between girls and boys in 28 states was six percent. This difference is not just limited to the United States.

理查德·里夫斯是2021年这份报告的作者之一。他说，那一年，大约88%的女生按时毕业，而男生的这一比例为82%。2021年的一项后续研究发现，28个州的女孩和男孩之间的毕业率差异为6%。这种差异不仅限于美国。

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) measures education data in many countries. Among 38 member countries, including most of North America, South America and Europe, more girls graduate high school than boys.

经济合作与发展组织(OECD)衡量许多国家的教育数据。在包括北美、南美和欧洲大部分地区在内的38个成员国中，高中毕业的女孩比男孩多。

In 2020, the average graduation rate for girls in OECD countries was 86 percent for girls, but 79 percent for boys. Just two countries that provided data to OECD, the Czech Republic and South Korea, had a higher graduation rate for boys.

2020年，经合组织国家女孩的平均毕业率为86%，男孩为79%。在向经合组织提供数据的国家中，只有捷克共和国和韩国的男孩毕业率高于美国。

OECD's Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) measures student knowledge and skills in mathematics, reading, and science at age 15. Eighty-five countries take PISA. OECD information shows that girls mostly perform better in reading than boys. Boys perform better in science and math.

经合组织的国际学生评估项目(PISA)衡量学生在15岁时的数学、阅读和科学知识和技能。85个国家参加PISA。经合组织的信息显示，女孩在阅读方面的表现大多好于男孩。男孩在科学和数学方面表现更好。

Gender gap

性别差异

The difference between graduation rates for girls and boys in the U.S. is being called a "gender gap." Few people talk about it and reports suggest that schools have done little to deal with the issue. But some schools have found ways to fight it.

美国女孩和男孩毕业率之间的差异被称为“性别差距”。很少有人谈论它，报告显示学校在处理这个问题上做得很少。但是一些学校已经找到了对抗它的方法。

The city of Yonkers, New York, raised graduation rates for minority boys through support such as mentoring. Former Superintendent Edwin Quezada said dealing with the difference between races in graduation rates was useful toward understanding the gender gap, which was seven percentage points in 2022.

纽约州扬克斯市通过辅导等支持措施提高了少数族裔男孩的毕业率。前校长埃德温·克萨达表示，处理种族间毕业率的差异有助于理解性别差距，2022年这一差距为7个百分点。

Boys are sent to special education at higher rates than girls in early grades and are suspended at higher rates throughout school. That can all result in not graduating on time, Quezada said.

男孩在低年级接受特殊教育的比例高于女孩，在整个学校停学的比例也高于女孩。克萨达说，这些都可能导致不能按时毕业。

Schools in the city of Buffalo, New York, have included efforts from My Brother's Keeper. That was the program started by former President Barack Obama to help boys succeed in school. Buffalo also has provided mentoring to male students and hired more men to teach, spokesman Jeffrey Hammond said. Still, the urban school district reported a 10-percentage-point difference between female and male graduation rates in 2022 and an 11-point gap in 2021.

纽约州布法罗市的学校也加入了“我兄弟的守护者”的努力。该项目由前总统奥巴马发起，旨在帮助男孩在学校取得成功。布法罗还为男学生提供指导，并聘请了更多的男性教师，发言人杰弗里·哈蒙德说。尽管如此，城市学区报告称，2022年男女毕业率差距为10个百分点，2021年差距为11个百分点。

"Girls nationally succeed in school over boys because they are more apt to plan ahead (and) set academic goals," Hammond wrote in an email. He said girls receive fewer school suspensions, showing they are more likely to follow rules and receive more instruction from teachers.

哈蒙德在一封电子邮件中写道:“在全国范围内，女孩比男孩在学业上更成功，因为她们更倾向于提前计划和设定学业目标。”他说，女孩被停学的次数更少，这表明她们更有可能遵守规则，从老师那里得到更多的指导。

Only 10 states that report graduation rates by gender also measure it by race. That makes it difficult to understand how race influences the graduation gender gap. But Reeves found some important differences in his latest study in the five largest states that do report graduation by race. He found that the difference between the graduation rate of Black girls and Black boys was much larger than the difference between white girls and white boys or Asian girls and Asian boys.

只有10个州按性别报告毕业率，同时也按种族衡量毕业率。这使得我们很难理解种族是如何影响毕业性别差距的。但里夫斯在他的最新研究中发现，在按种族报告毕业情况的五个最大州中，存在一些重要差异。他发现黑人女孩和黑人男孩的毕业率差异比白人女孩和白人男孩或亚洲女孩和亚洲男孩的差异要大得多。

This year, Reeves left the Brookings Institution to start the American Institute for Boys and Men. It is a nonprofit group that says it aims to improve men's lives.

今年，里夫斯离开布鲁金斯学会，创办了美国男孩和男人研究所。这是一个非营利性组织，其宗旨是改善男性的生活。

Graduation gap

毕业的差距

The graduation gap is also linked to what observers call a success gap between students from wealthy and poor families. But the reasons for the difference between boys and girls are not clear.

毕业差距还与观察人士所说的富裕家庭和贫困家庭学生之间的成功差距有关。但男孩和女孩之间差异的原因尚不清楚。

Discussions with students, educators and researchers point to several influences. Men can earn the same pay as women with less education. But boys also are more likely to be suspended or face other forms of discipline and punishment. And they do not seek treatment as often as girls do when they face mental health problems.

与学生、教育工作者和研究人员的讨论指出了几个影响因素。受教育程度较低的男性可以获得与女性相同的工资。但男孩也更有可能被停学或面临其他形式的纪律和惩罚。当她们面临心理健康问题时，她们不像女孩那样经常寻求治疗。

Some boys are fine when they first drop out of school, finding jobs with good pay. But over the long term, not graduating from high school can hold men back. Studies show young men who drop out of high school earn less money over their lifetimes and are more likely to end up in jail.

有些男孩刚辍学时很好，找了份收入不错的工作。但从长远来看，没有高中毕业会阻碍男人的发展。研究表明，高中辍学的年轻人一生中赚的钱更少，而且更有可能入狱。

In some cases, boys are not as interested in graduating as girls because they have not needed a high school degree to pay for rent and food, said Beth Jarosz. She is with the nonprofit research organization PRB. A man without a high school diploma often earns as much as a woman who has completed a year or two of college, she said.

Beth Jarosz说，在某些情况下，男孩不像女孩那样对毕业感兴趣，因为他们不需要高中文凭来支付房租和食物。她就职于非营利研究机构PRB。她说，一个没有高中文凭的男人挣的钱通常和一个上过一两年大学的女人一样多。