双语新闻：在迪拜举行的第28届联合国气候变化大会主要讨论“淘汰”或“减少”化石燃料

The world's climate negotiators are meeting this month in Dubai for the COP28 United Nations Climate Conference. Activists, scientists and U.N. officials want the representatives to make plans to "phase out" the use of fossil fuels as an energy source.

世界各国气候谈判代表本月将齐聚迪拜，参加第28届联合国气候大会。活动人士、科学家和联合国官员希望与会代表制定计划，“逐步停止”使用化石燃料作为能源。

However, some representatives are using the term "phase down" instead.

然而，一些代表正在使用“逐步减少”一词。

To "phase out" means to end something slowly through a planned series of steps. But to "phase down" means to slowly reduce the use of something instead of stopping completely.

“phase out”的意思是通过一系列有计划的步骤慢慢地结束某事。但是“phase down”的意思是慢慢减少某事的使用，而不是完全停止。

The concern, say climate scientists, is that the time for a "phase down" is over.

气候科学家表示，他们担心的是“逐步减少”的时间已经结束。

Bill Hare is a climate scientist and the CEO of Climate Analytics. He said unless the result of the meeting is a "phase out," there is unlikely to be an "improvement in temperature."

比尔·黑尔是气候科学家，也是气候分析公司的首席执行官。他说，除非会议的结果是“逐步停止”，否则不太可能出现“温度的改善”。

The COP28 meeting runs until December 12. During last year's COP27 event, negotiators agreed to plans that would limit global temperature warming to only 2.4 degrees Celsius over pre-industrial times.

COP28会议将持续到12月12日。在去年的COP27会议上，谈判代表达成了将全球气温上升幅度限制在工业化前2.4摄氏度以内的计划。

But a recently updated report found that the world is going in the wrong direction. The report, called the Climate Action Tracker, found that the world is on target for a 2.5-degree rise. It added that several nations, including Indonesia and Iran, have increased their use of fossil fuels. These increases are part of why the world is warming more quickly.

但最近更新的一份报告发现，世界正朝着错误的方向发展。这份名为Climate Action Tracker的报告发现，全球气温上升的目标是2.5度。报告还说，包括印度尼西亚和伊朗在内的几个国家增加了对化石燃料的使用。这些增长是世界变暖速度加快的部分原因。

Adnan Amin is the leader of COP28. He is former Director-General of the UN's International Renewable Energy Agency. He said the negotiators have so far produced a "pretty comprehensive" draft for a central outline of the meeting. The draft is called the Global Stocktake. He said he expects a "very intensive engagement process" between the negotiators during the next week of meetings.

Adnan Amin是COP28的领导人。他是联合国国际可再生能源机构前总干事。他说，谈判代表到目前为止已经为会议的中心大纲制定了一份“相当全面”的草案。这份草案被称为《全球盘点》。他说，他预计在下周的会谈中，谈判代表之间将进行“非常密集的接触过程”。

The draft is 24 pages long and covers a number of issues. However the greatest concern is the choice between a "phasedown of ... coal power" or "an orderly and just phase out of fossil fuels."

该草案长达24页，涵盖了许多问题。然而，最令人担忧的是在“逐步减少……或者“有序、公正地逐步淘汰化石燃料”。

Amin noted that, coming into the event, he did not believe it would be possible to even include "phase out" language in the document. He said some countries are not prepared to agree to a phase out because they require fossil fuel energy to grow their economies.

阿明指出，在参加会议之前，他认为在文件中甚至不可能包括“逐步淘汰”的措辞。他说，一些国家不准备同意逐步淘汰化石燃料，因为它们需要化石燃料能源来发展经济。

Critics and activists note that some countries signed on to last year's plan but moved forward with expanding their use of fossil fuels.

批评人士和活动人士指出，一些国家去年签署了计划，但却继续扩大化石燃料的使用。

Ana Missirliu is an analyst at the New Climate Institute. She said she has seen "worrying announcements" in the last year. She pointed to the host nation of COP28 – the United Arab Emirates – announcing a $150-billion expansion of its oil and gas industry. She also pointed to expansions in the United States, Britain and Saudi Arabia.

Ana Missirliu是新气候研究所的分析师。她说，去年她看到了“令人担忧的公告”。她指出，第28届联合国气候变化大会的主办国阿拉伯联合酋长国宣布了一项1500亿美元的石油和天然气工业扩张计划。她还提到了在美国、英国和沙特阿拉伯的扩张。

Several protest groups are in Dubai. They are holding up signs in "action zones" near the UN event. The protesters are asking the representatives to push for a "phase out."

几个抗议组织在迪拜。他们在联合国活动附近的“行动区”举着标语。抗议者要求代表们推动“逐步淘汰”。

Although there may be some nations pushing for language that does not require a "phase out," many countries are planning to increase their use of renewable energy. More than 100 countries say they will triple their ability to create clean energy and double their energy efficiency by the end of the decade.

尽管可能有一些国家推动不要求“逐步淘汰”的措辞，但许多国家正计划增加对可再生能源的使用。100多个国家表示，到本十年末，它们将把创造清洁能源的能力提高两倍，把能源效率提高一倍。