双语新闻：科技行业在如何管理人工智能发展方面存在分歧

Technology leaders have shown major support for laws to govern artificial intelligence use. At the same time, they are seeking to guarantee that any future AI rules work in their favor.

技术领导者对管理人工智能使用的法律表示了大力支持。与此同时，他们正在寻求保证未来任何人工智能规则都对他们有利。

The technology industry is increasingly divided about how to govern AI. One side supports an "open science" method to AI development; the other supports a closed method.

在如何管理人工智能的问题上，科技行业的分歧越来越大。一方支持人工智能开发的“开放科学”方法;另一个支持封闭方法。

Facebook parent Meta and IBM recently launched a new group called the AI Alliance. The group supports the "open science" method of AI development. On the other side are companies such as Google, Microsoft and ChatGPT-maker OpenAI.

Facebook母公司Meta和IBM最近成立了一个名为人工智能联盟的新组织。该组织支持人工智能开发的“开放科学”方法。另一边是谷歌、微软和chatgpt制造商OpenAI等公司。

Safety is at the heart of the debate. But, tech leaders are also arguing about who should profit from AI developments.

安全是争论的核心。但是，科技领袖们也在争论谁应该从人工智能发展中获利。

What is open-source AI?

什么是开源人工智能?

The term "open-source" comes from a common method of building software in which the code is widely available at no cost. Anyone can examine and make changes to it.

“开源”一词来自于一种构建软件的通用方法，在这种方法中，代码可以免费广泛使用。任何人都可以检查和修改它。

Open-source AI involves more than just code. Computer scientists differ on how to define "open source." They say the identifications are dependent on which parts of the technology are publicly available and if there are restrictions on use.

开源人工智能涉及的不仅仅是代码。计算机科学家对如何定义“开源”存在分歧。他们说，身份识别取决于技术的哪些部分是公开的，以及是否有使用限制。

Some computer scientists use the term "open science" to describe the wider philosophy.

一些计算机科学家使用术语“开放科学”来描述更广泛的哲学。

IBM and Meta lead the AI Alliance. Members include Dell, Sony, chipmakers AMD and Intel, and several universities and smaller AI companies. The alliance is coming together to say "that the future of AI is going to be built ... on top of the open scientific exchange of ideas and on open innovation, including open source and open technologies," said Darío Gil of IBM. Gil made the comment in a discussion with The Associated Press.

IBM和Meta领导着人工智能联盟。成员包括戴尔、索尼、芯片制造商AMD和英特尔，以及几所大学和规模较小的人工智能公司。该联盟联合起来表示，“人工智能的未来将被建立……最重要的是开放的科学思想交流和开放创新，包括开源和开放技术，”IBM的Darío Gil说。吉尔在接受美联社采访时发表了上述评论。

Concerns about open-source AI

对开源人工智能的担忧

Part of the confusion about open-source AI is that the company that built ChatGPT and the image-generator DALL-E is called OpenAI. But its AI systems are closed.

关于开源人工智能的部分困惑是，开发ChatGPT和图像生成器DALL-E的公司被称为OpenAI。但它的人工智能系统是封闭的。

"There are near-term and commercial incentives against open source," said Ilya Sutskever, OpenAI's chief scientist and co-founder, in a video with Stanford University in April.

今年4月，OpenAI首席科学家兼联合创始人伊利亚·苏斯克沃在与斯坦福大学的一段视频中表示:“有一些短期和商业动机反对开源。”

But there is also a longer-term worry about the open development method. Sutskever noted one worry is that an AI system with powerful abilities could be too dangerous to make available to the public.

但对开放式开发方式也存在长期担忧。Sutskever指出，一个担忧是，拥有强大能力的人工智能系统可能太危险，无法向公众开放。

For example, he described a possible AI system that could learn how to start its own biological laboratory.

例如，他描述了一种可能的人工智能系统，该系统可以学习如何启动自己的生物实验室。

Even current AI models present risks. They could create disinformation campaigns, for example, said David Evan Harris of the University of California, Berkeley. Such campaigns could disrupt democratic elections, he said.

即使是目前的人工智能模型也存在风险。例如，加州大学伯克利分校的大卫·埃文·哈里斯说，他们可以制造虚假信息。他说，这样的竞选活动可能会扰乱民主选举。

"Open source is really great in so many dimensions of technology," but AI is different, Harris said.

“开源在技术的很多方面都很棒，”但人工智能是不同的，哈里斯说。

The Center for Humane Technology, a longtime critic of Meta's social media activities, is among the groups drawing attention to the risks of open-source or leaked AI models.

长期以来一直批评Meta社交媒体活动的人文技术中心是提请人们关注开源或泄露人工智能模型风险的组织之一。

"As long as there are no guardrails in place right now, it's just completely irresponsible to be deploying these models to the public," said the group's Camille Carlton.

该组织的卡米尔·卡尔顿表示:“只要现在还没有设置护栏，向公众展示这些模型就是完全不负责任的。”

Benefits and dangers

好处和危险

An increasingly public debate has appeared over the good and bad of using an open-source method to AI development.

关于使用开源方法进行人工智能开发的利弊，已经出现了越来越多的公开辩论。

Meta's chief AI scientist, Yann LeCun, this fall criticized OpenAI, Google, and Anthropic on social media for what he described as "massive corporate lobbying." Le Cun argues that the companies are trying to write rules in a way that help their high-performing AI models and could help them hold their power over the technology's development. The three companies, along with OpenAI's key partner Microsoft, have formed their own industry group called the Frontier Model Forum.

今年秋天，Meta的首席人工智能科学家扬·勒昆在社交媒体上批评OpenAI、谷歌和Anthropic进行了他所谓的“大规模企业游说”。乐存认为，这些公司正试图以一种有助于其高性能人工智能模型的方式编写规则，并可能帮助它们在技术发展中保持自己的权力。这三家公司，以及OpenAI的主要合作伙伴微软，已经成立了他们自己的行业组织，名为“前沿模型论坛”。

LeCun said on X, formerly Twitter, "Openness is the only way to make AI platforms reflect the entirety of human knowledge and culture."

LeCun在X(前身为Twitter)上表示，“开放是让人工智能平台反映人类整体知识和文化的唯一途径。”

For IBM, the dispute feeds into a much longer competition that began before the AI boom. IBM was an early supporter of the open-source Linux operating system in the 1990s.

对IBM来说，这一争议引发了一场更持久的竞争，这场竞争始于人工智能热潮之前。IBM是上世纪90年代开源Linux操作系统的早期支持者。

Chris Padilla leads IBM's international government affairs team. The companies are trying to raise fear about open-source innovation as they have in the past, he suggested.

Chris Padilla领导IBM的国际政府事务团队。他表示，这些公司正试图像过去一样，引起人们对开源创新的恐惧。

He added, "I mean, this has been the Microsoft model for decades, right? They always opposed open-source programs that could compete with Windows or Office. They're taking a similar approach here."

他补充道:“我的意思是，这是微软几十年来的模式，对吧?他们总是反对可能与Windows或Office竞争的开源程序。他们在这里也采取了类似的做法。”