双语新闻：乌克兰军队与战争的心理影响作斗争

Mental health expert Oleh Hukovskyi recently stood in a temporary classroom in eastern Ukraine speaking to a group of soldiers. They were attending a class on how to deal with the stress of war.

心理健康专家Oleh Hukovskyi最近站在乌克兰东部的一间临时教室里对一群士兵讲话。他们正在上一堂关于如何应对战争压力的课。

Hukovskyi is one of hundreds of professionals and volunteers across Ukraine treating soldiers for mental health problems. It is a growing issue for an army facing fatigue as soldiers fight a larger enemy.

路透社采访了13名参与支援部队的人和4名正在接受治疗的士兵。在更严重的情况下，治疗可以持续几天到几周。它还包括失去胳膊或腿的士兵，他们正在学习如何忍受自己的伤害。

Reuters news agency spoke to 13 people involved in supporting troops and four soldiers undergoing treatment. The treatment can last for a few days to several weeks in more serious cases. It also includes soldiers who have lost arms or legs and who are learning to live with their injuries.

路透社采访了13名参与支援部队的人和4名正在接受治疗的士兵。在更严重的情况下，治疗可以持续几天到几周。它还包括失去胳膊或腿的士兵，他们正在学习如何忍受自己的伤害。

Soldiers spoke of stress, anxiety, fear, guilt and being extremely tired. But they also spoke of friendship, a sense of obligation to hurry back to their units and a strong desire to repel the enemy.

士兵们谈到了压力、焦虑、恐惧、内疚和极度疲劳。但他们也谈到了友谊，一种尽快回到部队的责任感，以及击退敌人的强烈愿望。

Hukovskyi is one of the soldiers Reuters spoke to. He is a former psychiatrist. He joined the armed forces about six months after Russia launched an invasion in February 2022.

胡科夫斯基是路透社采访的士兵之一。他以前是一名精神病医生。他在俄罗斯于2022年2月发动入侵大约六个月后加入了武装部队。

Now, he runs a mental health support group attached to the 67th Separate Mechanized Brigade. The brigade is in the area of Lyman, a town heavily damaged by the war.

现在，他管理着一个隶属于第67独立机械化旅的心理健康支持小组。该旅在莱曼地区，一个被战争严重破坏的城镇。

"They have obligations and have to return to the front line," Hukovskyi said of the troops.

“他们有义务，必须回到前线，”胡科夫斯基在谈到部队时说。

Some of the soldiers are being treated for light wounds and battle stress at a medical aid center.

一些士兵因轻伤和战斗压力在医疗救助中心接受治疗。

Hukovskyi said Ukrainian soldiers were not given enough breaks from fighting.

胡科夫斯基说，乌克兰士兵在战斗中没有得到足够的休息。

"Forty-five days is a critical period when soldiers can stay and...have a chance to stay mentally healthy," he said. He added that in some situations they might remain in battle longer. When that happens, they experience more head injuries and more battle fatigue.

“45天是一个关键时期，士兵们可以留下来……有机会保持心理健康，”他说。他补充说，在某些情况下，他们可能会在战斗中停留更长时间。当这种情况发生时，他们会经历更多的头部受伤和更多的战斗疲劳。

Citizen soldiers

公民士兵

Many of those fighting joined as volunteers. They had little, if any, preparation for sometimes fierce combat conditions.

许多参加战斗的人都是志愿者。他们几乎没有，如果有的话，准备有时激烈的战斗条件。

The soldiers attending the class answer questions and suggestions. However, Hukovskyi knows there are limitations. Soon, the soldiers will have to return to fighting.

参加课程的士兵回答问题和建议。然而，Hukovskyi知道这是有局限性的。很快，士兵们将不得不重返战场。

"Ukraine has an army of mobilized citizens who just yesterday were teachers, artists, poets, IT specialists, or workers," said Dana Vynohradova. He is deputy brigade commander for mental health support.

维诺赫拉多娃说:“乌克兰有一支动员起来的公民大军，他们昨天还是教师、艺术家、诗人、IT专家或工人。他是负责心理健康支持的副旅长。

Nightmares and fear

噩梦和恐惧

"DJ" attended Hukovskyi's class last month. Before the war, he was a factory worker from central Ukraine. Like most other soldiers, he goes by his call sign, DJ.

“DJ”上个月参加了胡可夫斯基的课程。战前，他是乌克兰中部的一名工厂工人。和大多数士兵一样，他也用自己的呼号DJ。

"I have nightmares and they exhaust me. When I get some time to rest, I don't sleep at all," DJ told the group. Later, the 50-year-old explained that he was not prepared for the fierce combat.

“我经常做噩梦，它们让我筋疲力尽。当我有时间休息时，我根本不睡觉，”DJ告诉团队。后来，这位50岁的老人解释说，他没有为激烈的战斗做好准备。

DJ said his position near the front line was under continuous attack by Russian forces. Like others, he said he suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a concussion.

DJ说他在前线附近的位置不断受到俄罗斯军队的攻击。和其他人一样，他说自己患有创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和脑震荡。

On a rainy November day in a nearby village, Dmytro, a 24-year-old soldier, talks with his unit's stress control group leader. He is a man named Serhii Rostikov. The Russians occupied the village in 2022. The two men walk and talk among damaged houses.

11月的一个雨天，在附近的一个村庄，24岁的士兵德米特罗正在和他所在部队的压力控制组组长交谈。他叫谢尔盖·罗斯季科夫。俄罗斯人在2022年占领了这个村庄。这两个人在被毁坏的房屋间边走边谈。

Rostikov said soldiers decide for themselves whether to seek mental health support. However, other specialists said unit commanders could make recommendations if they see signs for concern.

罗斯蒂科夫说，士兵们自己决定是否寻求心理健康支持。然而，其他专家表示，如果部队指挥官看到令人担忧的迹象，他们可以提出建议。

"After the artillery shelling, I developed a fear of going back to (combat) positions," said Dmytro. He is with the 21st Separate Mechanized Brigade.

德米特罗说:“炮击之后，我开始害怕回到(战斗)位置。他在第21独立机械化旅。”

He told Reuters that he reached out to his former group leader Rostikov for help. After working together, Rostikov sent Dmytro to rehabilitation. Dmytro said, "...I have no fear now and can easily go back to a combat position. I think we need psychologists, because soldiers suffer from a lot of stress."

他告诉路透社，他向他的前小组组长罗斯蒂科夫寻求帮助。在一起工作之后，罗斯季科夫把德米特罗送去了康复中心。德米特罗说:“……我现在没有恐惧，可以很容易地回到战斗位置。我认为我们需要心理学家，因为士兵承受着很大的压力。”

Many soldiers who seek psychological support return to battle after short breaks. Some more serious cases are sent away from the front for more treatment.

许多寻求心理支持的士兵在短暂休息后重返战场。一些更严重的病例被送离前线接受更多治疗。

DJ later said he had been kept away from combat for further treatment. Dmytro has rejoined his unit.

金大中后来表示，他已经远离战斗，接受进一步治疗。德米特罗又回到了他的部队。

The Ukrainian military has tried to recruit more people for psychological support.

乌克兰军方试图招募更多的人来提供心理支持。

Ukraine's armed forces declined to answer questions about efforts to get support workers. It also did not release how many soldiers had been treated for psychological conditions since the start of the invasion. Such details are often treated as military secrets.

乌克兰武装部队拒绝回答有关寻找支援人员的问题。它也没有公布自入侵开始以来有多少士兵因心理问题接受了治疗。这些细节通常被视为军事机密。