双语新闻：随着气温上升，数百万人感染登革热

The disease dengue is spreading across the Western Hemisphere in numbers not seen since record-keeping began in 1980. Experts are warning that rising temperatures and growing cities are increasing the rate of infection.

自1980年开始记录以来，登革热在西半球的传播数量从未见过。专家警告说，气温上升和城市发展正在增加感染率。

More than 4 million cases have been reported throughout the Americas and the Caribbean so far this year, breaking a record set in 2019. Officials from the Bahamas to Brazil are warning of crowded health centers and new infections daily. Reports say there have been more than 2,000 deaths across the wide area.

今年到目前为止，整个美洲和加勒比地区报告了400多万例病例，打破了2019年创下的纪录。从巴哈马到巴西的官员都警告说，卫生中心拥挤，每天都有新的感染病例。报道称，整个地区已有2000多人死亡。

Thais dos Santos is with the Pan American Health Organization, the area office of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the Americas. She said diseases like dengue, "provide us a really good sentinel of what is happening with climate change."

泰斯·多斯桑托斯就职于泛美卫生组织，这是世界卫生组织(世卫组织)在美洲的地区办事处。她说，像登革热这样的疾病“为我们提供了一个很好的哨兵，了解气候变化正在发生什么。”

A lack of good sanitation and strong health systems have added to the rise in cases. But experts say droughts and floods linked to climate change are causing greater spread of the virus. That is because stored water and heavy rains appeal to mosquitoes.

缺乏良好的卫生设施和强大的卫生系统加剧了病例的增加。但专家表示，与气候变化有关的干旱和洪水正在导致病毒的更大传播。这是因为储存的水和大雨会吸引蚊子。

Dr. Gabriela Paz-Bailey is chief of the dengue branch for the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Puerto Rico. She noted that higher temperatures also are expanding the mosquito's habitat and helping the virus develop faster inside the mosquito. That leads to higher viral loads and a higher chance of transmission.

加布里埃拉·帕兹-贝利博士是美国疾病控制和预防中心在波多黎各登革热分部的负责人。她指出，高温也扩大了蚊子的栖息地，帮助病毒在蚊子体内更快地发展。这会导致更高的病毒载量和更高的传播机会。

This year's Northern Hemisphere summer was the hottest ever, with August about 1.5 degrees Celsius warmer than pre-industrial period averages. And Copernicus, the European climate service, reported that 2023 is the second hottest year on record.

今年北半球的夏天是有史以来最热的，八月份的气温比工业化前的平均气温高出1.5摄氏度。欧洲气候服务机构哥白尼报告称，2023年是有记录以来第二热的一年。

Worldwide, more than 4.5 million cases of dengue had been reported as of early November. There have been more than 4,000 deaths reported in 80 countries.

截至11月初，全世界报告的登革热病例已超过450万例。据报道，80个国家有4000多人死亡。

Countries like Bangladesh are seeing a record number of cases and deaths. The government in the South Asian country has reported more than 313,700 cases and more than 1,600 deaths. Most of the deaths happened within three days of hospitalization.

孟加拉国等国的病例和死亡人数都创下了纪录。这个南亚国家的政府报告了313700多例病例，1600多人死亡。大多数死亡发生在住院后三天内。

The mosquito that carries dengue also has been identified in 22 European countries, with local spread of the disease seen in France, Italy and Spain. In August, the central African country of Chad reported its first dengue outbreak in history.

携带登革热的蚊子也在22个欧洲国家被发现，在法国、意大利和西班牙发现了这种疾病的局部传播。8月，中非国家乍得报告了其历史上第一次登革热疫情。

Dengue affects some 129 countries, with roughly half the world's population at risk, says the WHO. Infected female mosquitoes pass the virus when they feed on animals. The sickness can cause severe headaches, fever, vomiting, rash and other signs. While most infected people do not get symptoms, severe cases can lead to plasma leakage and death.

世界卫生组织说，登革热影响了大约129个国家，大约有一半的世界人口处于危险之中。受感染的雌蚊在捕食动物时传播病毒。这种病会导致严重的头痛、发烧、呕吐、皮疹和其他症状。虽然大多数感染者没有症状，但严重的病例可能导致血浆泄漏和死亡。

What is worse, experts say, repeated infections means a higher risk of developing severe dengue.

专家说，更糟糕的是，反复感染意味着患严重登革热的风险更高。

The Caribbean also is battling an increase in cases. The area had reported a 15 percent increase in confirmed cases by early October compared with the same period last year, says the Caribbean Public Health Agency.

加勒比地区也在与病例的增加作斗争。加勒比公共卫生机构说，截至10月初，该地区的确诊病例与去年同期相比增加了15%。

Officials on the French Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique declared an epidemic in August that is still ongoing. Martinique is reporting an average of 800 cases a week on the island of some 394,000 people.

法属加勒比海瓜德罗普岛和马提尼克岛的官员8月份宣布疫情仍在持续。马提尼克岛约有39.4万人口，每周平均报告800例病例。

Meanwhile, Jamaica and the Bahamas declared an outbreak in September followed by Barbados in October.

与此同时，牙买加和巴哈马于9月宣布爆发疫情，随后巴巴多斯于10月宣布爆发疫情。

Poor countries struggle the most with dengue. Bad sanitation creates a good reproduction environment for infected mosquitoes. Poor housing conditions leave people at greater risk of exposure to mosquitoes. Dengue outbreaks can crush already poor and overworked health systems.

贫穷国家与登革热的斗争最为激烈。恶劣的卫生条件为受感染的蚊子创造了良好的繁殖环境。恶劣的住房条件使人们接触蚊子的风险更大。登革热疫情可能使本已贫穷和超负荷工作的卫生系统不堪重负。

Jeremy Farra is chief scientist for the WHO. He said dengue is very difficult to treat partly because patients often delay in seeking medical care. The virus can progress so quickly, he said. Treating those with the disease requires very close patient supervision and a lot of time.

Jeremy Farra是世界卫生组织的首席科学家。他说，登革热很难治疗，部分原因是患者经常延迟就医。他说，这种病毒发展得如此之快。治疗这种疾病需要非常密切的病人监督和大量的时间。

Farra said, "Imagine that you have a thousand people like that requiring all that delicate clinical care. It can very quickly overwhelm a system."

法拉说:“想象一下，你有1000个这样的人需要所有精细的临床护理。它可以很快淹没一个系统。”