双语新闻：回顾2023年美国高等教育的热门故事和发展
As 2023 comes to a close, we take a look back at the top stories and developments in higher education. They include a major high court decision on college admissions, the return of international students at U.S. colleges, the closure of small colleges and study programs, and an Ivy League president stepping down under pressure.
随着2023年的临近，我们来回顾一下高等教育的热门故事和发展。其中包括高等法院对大学招生的重大裁决、美国大学国际学生的回国、小型大学和学习项目的关闭，以及常春藤盟校校长迫于压力辞职。
Affirmative Action decision
平权行动决定
In late June, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that universities could no longer consider the race of a student when making admissions decisions.
6月下旬，美国最高法院裁定，大学在做出招生决定时不能再考虑学生的种族。
The announcement effectively ended the idea of Affirmative Action, which had been in place in higher education and the workforce for over 50 years.
这一宣布实际上结束了“平权行动”的理念，这一理念在高等教育和劳动力领域已经存在了50多年。
In making its decision, the court looked at cases involving Harvard University and the University of North Carolina. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote: "students must be treated based on his or her experiences as an individual – not on the basis of race."
在做出裁决时，法院调查了涉及哈佛大学和北卡罗来纳大学的案件。首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨写道：“对待学生必须基于他或她的个人经历，而不是基于种族。”
He noted that many who make choices about which students will be permitted to attend universities have given too much importance to the color of a person's skin. "Our constitutional history does not tolerate that choice," he continued.
他指出，许多选择允许哪些学生上大学的人过于重视一个人的肤色。“我们的宪法历史不能容忍这种选择，”他继续说道。
A group called Students for Fair Admissions brought the case through the U.S. court system over a number of years. The group believed that many Asian and white students were not getting a fair chance to attend the most selective colleges and universities in the U.S. because some places were being held for Black students.
多年来，一个名为“学生争取公平录取”的组织通过美国法院系统提起了这起案件。该组织认为，许多亚裔和白人学生没有得到公平的机会进入美国最具选择性的学院和大学，因为有些名额是为黑人学生开设的。
U.S. President Joe Biden spoke in favor of racially diverse colleges and universities after the decision came out.
决定公布后，美国总统乔·拜登表示支持种族多元化的学院和大学。
Many universities said they will change the writing requirements of their applications in order to learn of the life experiences of applicants. The first group of students affected by the new rules will be applying to college in early 2024.
许多大学表示，为了了解申请者的生活经历，他们将改变申请书的写作要求。受新规定影响的第一批学生将于2024年初申请大学。
The next step for activists who want to change the way colleges choose students? Legacy admissions. A group based in Boston took legal action against Harvard University, saying it should no longer give preference to students whose parents attended Harvard or give money to the school.
对于那些想改变大学选择学生方式的活动家来说，下一步该怎么办？遗产录取。总部位于波士顿的一个组织对哈佛大学采取了法律行动，称哈佛大学不应再优先考虑父母曾就读哈佛的学生，也不应向学校捐款。
Indian students boost numbers
印度学生人数增加
More and more young people from India are now attending college in the United States. As a result, the number of international students studying in the U.S. has returned to pre-pandemic levels.
越来越多的印度年轻人正在美国上大学。因此，在美国学习的国际学生人数已恢复到疫情前的水平。
While students from China are still the largest group, the number of Chinese international students in the U.S. is dropping. But the 269,000 Indian students made up that difference.
尽管来自中国的学生仍然是最大的群体，但在美国的中国国际学生人数正在下降。但26.9万名印度学生弥补了这一差距。
Costas Chassapis works at the Stevens Institute of Technology in New Jersey. Chassapis told VOA Learning English that many university leaders in the U.S. are "ecstatic" about the increase in Indian students. But he said the increase will not last forever.
科斯塔斯·查萨皮斯在新泽西州史蒂文斯理工学院工作。查萨皮斯告诉美国之音《学习英语》，美国许多大学领导对印度学生的增加感到“欣喜若狂”。但他表示，这种增长不会永远持续下去。
The increase is partly due to new rules put in place by Joe Biden's administration. They permit students who complete study programs in STEM – science, technology, engineering and math – to stay in the U.S. for extra work experience.
这一增长的部分原因是乔·拜登政府制定的新规定。他们允许完成STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）学习项目的学生留在美国获得额外的工作经验。
American students question college
美国学生质疑大学
As international students return to the United States, many American young people are expressing concern about the value of a college degree.
随着国际学生返回美国，许多美国年轻人对大学学位的价值表示担忧。
The number of American college-age students seeking higher education started falling before the COVID-19 pandemic. Today's young people find that they have work possibilities that pay well even without a college degree. Some say the cost of attending college is simply too high.
在新冠肺炎大流行之前，寻求高等教育的美国大学生人数开始下降。如今的年轻人发现，即使没有大学学位，他们也有工作的可能性，薪水也很高。有人说上大学的费用太高了。
West Virginia is the only state in America with a population that is lower today than it was in 1950. The state's public university, West Virginia University (WVU), feels the effects of the population loss. Today, its main campus has about 25,000 students. That number is 10 percent lower than it was in 2015. WVU is facing a $45 million budget deficit.
西弗吉尼亚州是美国唯一一个人口低于1950年的州。该州的公立大学西弗吉尼亚大学（WVU）感受到了人口流失的影响。如今，它的主校区有大约25000名学生。这一数字比2015年下降了10%。WVU面临4500万美元的预算赤字。
Last summer, WVU announced plans to cut some study programs. The school will end some language studies, music instruction and writing programs. In addition, 100 educators will likely lose their jobs.
去年夏天，西弗吉尼亚大学宣布计划削减一些学习项目。学校将终止一些语言学习、音乐教学和写作项目。此外，100名教育工作者可能会失业。
Lisa Di Bartolomeo is one of the language professors concerned about her students. She said: "The best and the brightest students don't see a future for themselves in West Virginia."
Lisa Di Bartolomeo是关心学生的语言教授之一。她说：“在西弗吉尼亚州，最优秀、最聪明的学生看不到自己的未来。”
But at least WVU remains open. Some small colleges and universities closed or made plans to close in 2023.
但至少WVU仍然开放。一些小型学院和大学关闭或计划在2023年关闭。
One of those schools was Alliance University in New York City. Heather Garcia studied and worked there. She said the university tried to remain open, but its financial problems were too large. She said she is sad to see the school close.
其中一所学校是纽约市的联盟大学。希瑟·加西亚在那里学习和工作。她说，该大学试图保持开放，但其财务问题太大。她说看到学校关闭她很难过。
Bryan Alexander is a researcher who looks at the future of higher education. He said small American colleges first try to reduce their costs. When they can no longer cut their costs, they must close. He said many people in higher education are concerned about the number of small schools that have closed in recent years.
Bryan Alexander是一位着眼于高等教育未来的研究人员。他说，美国小型大学首先试图降低成本。当他们不能再削减成本时，他们必须关闭。他说，许多接受高等教育的人对近年来关闭的小型学校的数量感到担忧。
"I think, within higher ed, the alarm has already been sounded," Alexander said. "Presidents, Deans, Provosts...this is the stuff that keeps them up at night."
亚历山大说：“我认为，在更高的ed范围内，警报已经响起。”。“总统、院长、教务长……这就是让他们彻夜难眠的原因。”
Ivy League president leaves job under pressure
常春藤盟校校长迫于压力离职
Liz Magill of the University of Pennsylvania stepped down from her job in early December.
宾夕法尼亚大学的Liz Magill于12月初辞职。
Magill, along with Harvard President Claudine Gay and Sally Kornbluth of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology appeared in front of Congress on December 5. Lawmakers asked the presidents if they felt calls for violence against Jewish people should be against school rules.
12月5日，马吉尔与哈佛大学校长Claudine Gay和麻省理工学院的Sally Kornbluth一起出现在国会面前。议员们询问总统们，他们是否认为针对犹太人的暴力呼吁应该违反学校规定。
The Republican-led congressional committee chose the three leaders because their schools "have been at the center of the rise in antisemitic protests," a committee spokesperson said in a statement. The protests are related to the ongoing conflict between Israel and Hamas.
一位委员会发言人在一份声明中表示，共和党领导的国会委员会之所以选择这三位领导人，是因为他们的学校“一直处于反犹太主义抗议活动上升的中心”。抗议活动与以色列和哈马斯之间持续的冲突有关。
None of the three school leaders directly spoke against calls for violence against Jewish people. Instead, they said some speech, even "deeply hateful speech," is protected by the U.S. Constitution.
三位学校领导都没有直接反对针对犹太人的暴力呼吁。相反，他们表示，一些言论，甚至是“极为仇恨的言论”，都受到美国宪法的保护。
On December 9, Magill resigned from her position under pressure from influential donors and alumni.
12月9日，在有影响力的捐赠者和校友的压力下，马吉尔辞去了她的职务。
Gay and Kornbluth received support and criticism. But both were permitted to keep their jobs.
盖伊和科恩布鲁思得到了支持和批评。但两人都被允许继续工作。
One group of professors at Harvard said colleges and universities should not be influenced by political pressure.
哈佛大学的一组教授表示，学院和大学不应该受到政治压力的影响。
A top legal expert from Harvard, Laurence Tribe, said universities should not be "bullied into micromanaging their policies."
哈佛大学的顶级法律专家Laurence Tribe表示，大学不应该“被胁迫对其政策进行微观管理”
随着2023年的临近，我们来回顾一下高等教育的热门故事和发展。其中包括高等法院对大学招生的重大裁决、美国大学国际学生的回国、小型大学和学习项目的关闭，以及常春藤盟校校长迫于压力辞职。
Affirmative Action decision
平权行动决定
In late June, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that universities could no longer consider the race of a student when making admissions decisions.
6月下旬，美国最高法院裁定，大学在做出招生决定时不能再考虑学生的种族。
The announcement effectively ended the idea of Affirmative Action, which had been in place in higher education and the workforce for over 50 years.
这一宣布实际上结束了“平权行动”的理念，这一理念在高等教育和劳动力领域已经存在了50多年。
In making its decision, the court looked at cases involving Harvard University and the University of North Carolina. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote: "students must be treated based on his or her experiences as an individual – not on the basis of race."
在做出裁决时，法院调查了涉及哈佛大学和北卡罗来纳大学的案件。首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨写道：“对待学生必须基于他或她的个人经历，而不是基于种族。”
He noted that many who make choices about which students will be permitted to attend universities have given too much importance to the color of a person's skin. "Our constitutional history does not tolerate that choice," he continued.
他指出，许多选择允许哪些学生上大学的人过于重视一个人的肤色。“我们的宪法历史不能容忍这种选择，”他继续说道。
A group called Students for Fair Admissions brought the case through the U.S. court system over a number of years. The group believed that many Asian and white students were not getting a fair chance to attend the most selective colleges and universities in the U.S. because some places were being held for Black students.
多年来，一个名为“学生争取公平录取”的组织通过美国法院系统提起了这起案件。该组织认为，许多亚裔和白人学生没有得到公平的机会进入美国最具选择性的学院和大学，因为有些名额是为黑人学生开设的。
U.S. President Joe Biden spoke in favor of racially diverse colleges and universities after the decision came out.
决定公布后，美国总统乔·拜登表示支持种族多元化的学院和大学。
Many universities said they will change the writing requirements of their applications in order to learn of the life experiences of applicants. The first group of students affected by the new rules will be applying to college in early 2024.
许多大学表示，为了了解申请者的生活经历，他们将改变申请书的写作要求。受新规定影响的第一批学生将于2024年初申请大学。
The next step for activists who want to change the way colleges choose students? Legacy admissions. A group based in Boston took legal action against Harvard University, saying it should no longer give preference to students whose parents attended Harvard or give money to the school.
对于那些想改变大学选择学生方式的活动家来说，下一步该怎么办？遗产录取。总部位于波士顿的一个组织对哈佛大学采取了法律行动，称哈佛大学不应再优先考虑父母曾就读哈佛的学生，也不应向学校捐款。
Indian students boost numbers
印度学生人数增加
More and more young people from India are now attending college in the United States. As a result, the number of international students studying in the U.S. has returned to pre-pandemic levels.
越来越多的印度年轻人正在美国上大学。因此，在美国学习的国际学生人数已恢复到疫情前的水平。
While students from China are still the largest group, the number of Chinese international students in the U.S. is dropping. But the 269,000 Indian students made up that difference.
尽管来自中国的学生仍然是最大的群体，但在美国的中国国际学生人数正在下降。但26.9万名印度学生弥补了这一差距。
Costas Chassapis works at the Stevens Institute of Technology in New Jersey. Chassapis told VOA Learning English that many university leaders in the U.S. are "ecstatic" about the increase in Indian students. But he said the increase will not last forever.
科斯塔斯·查萨皮斯在新泽西州史蒂文斯理工学院工作。查萨皮斯告诉美国之音《学习英语》，美国许多大学领导对印度学生的增加感到“欣喜若狂”。但他表示，这种增长不会永远持续下去。
The increase is partly due to new rules put in place by Joe Biden's administration. They permit students who complete study programs in STEM – science, technology, engineering and math – to stay in the U.S. for extra work experience.
这一增长的部分原因是乔·拜登政府制定的新规定。他们允许完成STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）学习项目的学生留在美国获得额外的工作经验。
American students question college
美国学生质疑大学
As international students return to the United States, many American young people are expressing concern about the value of a college degree.
随着国际学生返回美国，许多美国年轻人对大学学位的价值表示担忧。
The number of American college-age students seeking higher education started falling before the COVID-19 pandemic. Today's young people find that they have work possibilities that pay well even without a college degree. Some say the cost of attending college is simply too high.
在新冠肺炎大流行之前，寻求高等教育的美国大学生人数开始下降。如今的年轻人发现，即使没有大学学位，他们也有工作的可能性，薪水也很高。有人说上大学的费用太高了。
West Virginia is the only state in America with a population that is lower today than it was in 1950. The state's public university, West Virginia University (WVU), feels the effects of the population loss. Today, its main campus has about 25,000 students. That number is 10 percent lower than it was in 2015. WVU is facing a $45 million budget deficit.
西弗吉尼亚州是美国唯一一个人口低于1950年的州。该州的公立大学西弗吉尼亚大学（WVU）感受到了人口流失的影响。如今，它的主校区有大约25000名学生。这一数字比2015年下降了10%。WVU面临4500万美元的预算赤字。
Last summer, WVU announced plans to cut some study programs. The school will end some language studies, music instruction and writing programs. In addition, 100 educators will likely lose their jobs.
去年夏天，西弗吉尼亚大学宣布计划削减一些学习项目。学校将终止一些语言学习、音乐教学和写作项目。此外，100名教育工作者可能会失业。
Lisa Di Bartolomeo is one of the language professors concerned about her students. She said: "The best and the brightest students don't see a future for themselves in West Virginia."
Lisa Di Bartolomeo是关心学生的语言教授之一。她说：“在西弗吉尼亚州，最优秀、最聪明的学生看不到自己的未来。”
But at least WVU remains open. Some small colleges and universities closed or made plans to close in 2023.
但至少WVU仍然开放。一些小型学院和大学关闭或计划在2023年关闭。
One of those schools was Alliance University in New York City. Heather Garcia studied and worked there. She said the university tried to remain open, but its financial problems were too large. She said she is sad to see the school close.
其中一所学校是纽约市的联盟大学。希瑟·加西亚在那里学习和工作。她说，该大学试图保持开放，但其财务问题太大。她说看到学校关闭她很难过。
Bryan Alexander is a researcher who looks at the future of higher education. He said small American colleges first try to reduce their costs. When they can no longer cut their costs, they must close. He said many people in higher education are concerned about the number of small schools that have closed in recent years.
Bryan Alexander是一位着眼于高等教育未来的研究人员。他说，美国小型大学首先试图降低成本。当他们不能再削减成本时，他们必须关闭。他说，许多接受高等教育的人对近年来关闭的小型学校的数量感到担忧。
"I think, within higher ed, the alarm has already been sounded," Alexander said. "Presidents, Deans, Provosts...this is the stuff that keeps them up at night."
亚历山大说：“我认为，在更高的ed范围内，警报已经响起。”。“总统、院长、教务长……这就是让他们彻夜难眠的原因。”
Ivy League president leaves job under pressure
常春藤盟校校长迫于压力离职
Liz Magill of the University of Pennsylvania stepped down from her job in early December.
宾夕法尼亚大学的Liz Magill于12月初辞职。
Magill, along with Harvard President Claudine Gay and Sally Kornbluth of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology appeared in front of Congress on December 5. Lawmakers asked the presidents if they felt calls for violence against Jewish people should be against school rules.
12月5日，马吉尔与哈佛大学校长Claudine Gay和麻省理工学院的Sally Kornbluth一起出现在国会面前。议员们询问总统们，他们是否认为针对犹太人的暴力呼吁应该违反学校规定。
The Republican-led congressional committee chose the three leaders because their schools "have been at the center of the rise in antisemitic protests," a committee spokesperson said in a statement. The protests are related to the ongoing conflict between Israel and Hamas.
一位委员会发言人在一份声明中表示，共和党领导的国会委员会之所以选择这三位领导人，是因为他们的学校“一直处于反犹太主义抗议活动上升的中心”。抗议活动与以色列和哈马斯之间持续的冲突有关。
None of the three school leaders directly spoke against calls for violence against Jewish people. Instead, they said some speech, even "deeply hateful speech," is protected by the U.S. Constitution.
三位学校领导都没有直接反对针对犹太人的暴力呼吁。相反，他们表示，一些言论，甚至是“极为仇恨的言论”，都受到美国宪法的保护。
On December 9, Magill resigned from her position under pressure from influential donors and alumni.
12月9日，在有影响力的捐赠者和校友的压力下，马吉尔辞去了她的职务。
Gay and Kornbluth received support and criticism. But both were permitted to keep their jobs.
盖伊和科恩布鲁思得到了支持和批评。但两人都被允许继续工作。
One group of professors at Harvard said colleges and universities should not be influenced by political pressure.
哈佛大学的一组教授表示，学院和大学不应该受到政治压力的影响。
A top legal expert from Harvard, Laurence Tribe, said universities should not be "bullied into micromanaging their policies."
哈佛大学的顶级法律专家Laurence Tribe表示，大学不应该“被胁迫对其政策进行微观管理”
