双语新闻：2024年计划的大型太空任务

A series of new space missions are planned for the coming year. Here is a look ahead at some of the ones to watch out for in 2024.

明年计划进行一系列新的太空任务。以下是2024年需要注意的一些问题。

Artemis II

阿尔忒弥斯二世

The American space agency NASA launched its first flight in the Artemis program in 2022. That mission, called Artemis I, sent the Orion spacecraft on a trip to fly around the moon.

美国航空航天局于2022年启动了阿尔忒弥斯计划的首次飞行。这项名为“阿尔忒弥斯一号”的任务让猎户座飞船绕月飞行。

Artemis aims to return astronauts to the moon for the first time since NASA's Apollo 17 mission in 1972.

阿尔忒弥斯的目标是自1972年美国国家航空航天局执行阿波罗17号任务以来，首次将宇航员送上月球。

Artemis I was a test of the Orion spacecraft, or capsule, as well as NASA's huge Space Launch System (SLS) rocket that carried it into space. That mission sent Orion more than 400,000 kilometers away from Earth and completed a close fly-by of the moon. NASA officials declared Artemis I a huge success.

阿尔忒弥斯一号测试了猎户座飞船或太空舱，以及将其送入太空的美国国家航空航天局大型太空发射系统（SLS）火箭。这次任务将猎户座送离地球40多万公里，并完成了对月球的近距离飞行。美国国家航空航天局官员宣布阿尔忒弥斯一号取得巨大成功。

NASA plans to launch Artemis II in late 2024. It is expected to take the same path that Artemis I took around the moon, but this time it will be carrying four NASA astronauts aboard Orion.

美国国家航空航天局计划在2024年末发射阿尔忒弥斯二号。预计它将走与阿尔忒弥斯一号绕月相同的路线，但这次它将搭载四名美国国家航空航天局宇航员乘坐猎户座。

NASA says Artemis II aims "to confirm all of the spacecraft's systems operate as designed with crew aboard in the actual environment of deep space."

美国国家航空航天局表示，阿尔忒弥斯二号的目标是“确认航天器的所有系统在深空的实际环境中与机组人员一起按设计运行”。

Moon lander launches

月球着陆器发射

While Artemis II will not complete a landing, several other lunar landers are expected to touch down on the moon's surface in 2024.

虽然阿尔忒弥斯二号不会完成着陆，但其他几架月球着陆器预计将于2024年着陆月球表面。

The first of these launches is planned for January 8. It involves a lander named Peregrine. The 1.9-meter-tall spacecraft is made by the private, American space company Astrobotic Technology. It will launch aboard a Vulcan Centaur rocket, made by United Launch Alliance (ULA).

第一次发射计划于1月8日进行。它涉及一个名为Peregrine的着陆器。这艘1.9米高的航天器由美国私营太空公司Astrobotic Technology制造。它将搭载由联合发射联盟（ULA）制造的火神半人马座火箭发射。

Peregrine is expected to carry 20 research experiments to the moon for seven countries. It will aim to land in an area known as Sinus Viscositatis. NASA says the area sits next to the Gruithuisen Domes, the largest dark spot on the near side of the moon.

“游隼”号预计将为七个国家进行20次月球研究实验。它的目标是降落在一个被称为粘性窦的地区。美国国家航空航天局表示，该区域位于Gruithusen圆顶附近，这是月球近侧最大的黑点。

Another Astrobotic lander, called Griffin, is set to launch to the moon's south pole in late 2024. It will be carrying an exploring robot, or rover, called VIPER. VIPER is designed to search for water sources on the moon.

另一个名为格里芬的太空机器人着陆器将于2024年末发射到月球南极。它将搭载一个名为VIPER的探索机器人或漫游者。VIPER旨在寻找月球上的水源。

In addition to those, American space company Intuitive Machines is providing two landers to NASA expected for launches next year.

除此之外，美国航天公司Intuitive Machines正在向美国国家航空航天局提供两个着陆器，预计明年发射。

Japan will also attempt to become the fifth nation to reach the surface of the moon in mid-January. The country's space agency launched the spacecraft, called SLIM, in September. SLIM's mission goal is to test the possibility that spacecraft can land on very specific targets.

日本还将试图成为第五个在1月中旬登上月球表面的国家。该国航天局于9月发射了名为SLIM的航天器。SLIM的任务目标是测试航天器降落在特定目标上的可能性。

ESA's Hera mission

欧空局的赫拉任务

The European Space Agency (ESA) plans to launch its Hera spacecraft in October on a mission to return to an asteroid system visited by NASA's DART spacecraft in 2022. Hera is designed to collect data on the targeted system, called Didymos. The spacecraft is expected to closely examine the physical properties of Didymos and measure detailed effects of DART's crash.

欧洲航天局（ESA）计划于10月发射赫拉飞船，执行2022年返回美国国家航空航天局DART飞船访问的小行星系统的任务。Hera旨在收集目标系统Didymos的数据。预计该航天器将密切检查Didymos的物理特性，并测量DART撞击的详细影响。

Europa Clipper

Europa Clipper

NASA hopes to launch its Europa Clipper mission in October. This orbiter is designed to carry out close examinations of Jupiter's moon Europa. Specifically, the mission will look for signs that the icy moon might hold the right conditions to support life. NASA says the orbiter will fly in orbit around Jupiter and "perform repeated close flybys of the ice moon."

美国国家航空航天局希望在10月发射“木卫二快船”任务。该轨道飞行器的设计目的是对木星的卫星木卫二进行近距离检查。具体来说，该任务将寻找结冰的月球可能具备支持生命的适当条件的迹象。美国国家航空航天局表示，该轨道飞行器将在绕木星的轨道上飞行，并“多次近距离飞越冰月”。

Boeing's Starliner test flight

波音公司的星际客机试飞

NASA and Boeing have said they plan to launch the first crewed test flight of the company's Starliner spacecraft. NASA says it is targeting March 2024 to have Starliner ready for flight. A launch date is to be set later.

美国国家航空航天局和波音公司表示，他们计划发射该公司“星际客机”飞船的首次载人试飞。美国国家航空航天局表示，计划在2024年3月让“星际客机”做好飞行准备。发布日期将稍后确定。

The spacecraft completed its first uncrewed flight test to the International Space Station (ISS) last May. But Boeing has experienced several technical difficulties with Starliner during the mission and has worked with NASA to fix the problems as it prepares for the planned crewed flight.

去年5月，该航天器完成了前往国际空间站（ISS）的首次无载人飞行测试。但波音公司在执行任务期间遇到了星际客机的一些技术困难，并在为计划的载人飞行做准备时与美国国家航空航天局合作解决了这些问题。

SpaceX Starship test

太空探索技术公司星舰测试

SpaceX, another NASA partner, has been successfully using its rockets and spacecraft to transport astronauts and materials to the ISS since 2020. But the company will be seeking a successful test flight in 2024 for its super-heavy Starship spacecraft.

美国国家航空航天局的另一个合作伙伴太空探索技术公司自2020年以来一直成功地使用其火箭和航天器将宇航员和材料运送到国际空间站。但该公司将寻求其超重型星舰飞船在2024年成功试飞。

SpaceX experienced two failed Starship tests in 2023 – one in April and the other in November – which resulted in explosions. The April blast caused major damage to the launch structure in the state of Texas. SpaceX has said it has been examining the issues related to the explosions and plans to carry out another test of Starship as soon as possible. But it will have to wait until the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) completes its investigation of the launch site damage and approves a new test.

太空探索技术公司在2023年经历了两次失败的星舰测试——一次在4月，另一次在11月——导致了爆炸。4月的爆炸对德克萨斯州的发射结构造成了重大破坏。太空探索技术公司表示，它一直在研究与爆炸有关的问题，并计划尽快对星舰进行另一次测试。但它将不得不等到美国联邦航空管理局（FAA）完成对发射场损坏的调查并批准新的测试。