双语新闻：研究人员在亚马逊发现失落的城市
Archeologists have found a group of lost cities in the Amazon rainforest. The cities were home to at least 10,000 farmers around 2,000 years ago.
考古学家在亚马逊雨林中发现了一组失落的城市。大约2000年前，这些城市是至少1万名农民的家园。
Stéphen Rostain first noticed the earthen mounds and buried roads in Ecuador more than twenty years ago. But at the time, "I wasn't sure how it all fit together," said Rostain. He was one of the researchers who reported on the findings in the publication Science.
20多年前，Stéphen Rostain第一次注意到厄瓜多尔的土丘和被掩埋的道路。但当时，“我不确定这一切是如何结合在一起的，”罗斯坦说。他是在《科学》杂志上发表这一发现的研究人员之一。
Recent mapping using laser technology revealed those locations to be part of a group of settlements and connecting roads. The settlements are in the forested areas near the Andes mountains.
最近使用激光技术绘制的地图显示，这些地点是一群定居点和连接道路的一部分。定居点位于安第斯山脉附近的森林地区。
"It was a lost valley of cities," said Rostain, who directs investigations at France's National Center for Scientific Research. "It's incredible," he added.
“这是一个失落的城市山谷，”在法国国家科学研究中心负责调查工作的罗斯坦说。“太不可思议了，”他补充道。
The Upano people lived in the settlements between around 500 B.C. and 300 to 600 A.D. That was around the same time period as the Roman Empire in Europe, the researchers found.
研究人员发现，乌帕诺人生活在公元前500年至公元300年至600年之间的定居点，与欧洲罗马帝国的时期大致相同。
Ancient people built on over 6,000 earthen mounds in an area surrounded by agricultural fields with drainage canals. The largest roads were 10 meters wide and went for 10 to 20 kilometers.
古人在6000多个土丘上建造房屋，这些土丘周围是农田和排水渠。最大的道路宽10米，长10 ~ 20公里。
While it is difficult to estimate populations, the area was home to at least 10,000 people, and possibly about 15,000 or 30,000 at its highest point, said Antoine Dorison, a study co-writer. That is comparable to the estimated population of Roman-era London, then Britain's largest city.
研究报告的合著者安托万·多里森说，虽然很难估计人口数量，但该地区至少有1万人居住，最高峰时可能约有1.5万或3万人。这相当于罗马时代英国最大城市伦敦的估计人口。
"This shows a very dense occupation and an extremely complicated society," said Michael Heckenberger of the University of Florida. He was not involved in the study.
佛罗里达大学的Michael Heckenberger说:“这显示了一个非常密集的职业和一个极其复杂的社会。”他没有参与这项研究。
José Iriarte of the University of Exeter was also not involved in the study. He said it would have required a complex system of organized labor to build the roads and thousands of earthen mounds.
埃克塞特大学的约瑟夫·伊里亚特也没有参与这项研究。他说，这将需要一个复杂的有组织的劳动力系统来建造道路和成千上万的土丘。
Iriarte said, "The Incas and Mayans built with stone, but people in Amazonia didn't usually have stone available to build — they built with mud."
伊里亚特说:“印加人和玛雅人用石头建造，但亚马逊地区的人通常没有可用的石头——他们用泥土建造。”
The Amazon is often thought of as a wild area "with only small groups of people. But recent discoveries have shown us how much more complex the past really is," he added.
亚马逊通常被认为是一个“只有一小群人”的荒野地区。但最近的发现向我们展示了过去是多么复杂，”他补充道。
Scientists have recently also found evidence of complex rainforest societies that came before European contact elsewhere in the Amazon, including in Bolivia and Brazil.
科学家们最近还发现了在欧洲人接触亚马逊其他地区之前存在复杂雨林社会的证据，包括玻利维亚和巴西。
"There's always been an incredible diversity of people and settlements in the Amazon, not only one way to live," said Rostain. "We're just learning more about them."
罗斯坦说:“亚马逊地区的人口和定居点一直存在着令人难以置信的多样性，而不仅仅是一种生活方式。”“我们只是在更多地了解它们。”
考古学家在亚马逊雨林中发现了一组失落的城市。大约2000年前，这些城市是至少1万名农民的家园。
Stéphen Rostain first noticed the earthen mounds and buried roads in Ecuador more than twenty years ago. But at the time, "I wasn't sure how it all fit together," said Rostain. He was one of the researchers who reported on the findings in the publication Science.
20多年前，Stéphen Rostain第一次注意到厄瓜多尔的土丘和被掩埋的道路。但当时，“我不确定这一切是如何结合在一起的，”罗斯坦说。他是在《科学》杂志上发表这一发现的研究人员之一。
Recent mapping using laser technology revealed those locations to be part of a group of settlements and connecting roads. The settlements are in the forested areas near the Andes mountains.
最近使用激光技术绘制的地图显示，这些地点是一群定居点和连接道路的一部分。定居点位于安第斯山脉附近的森林地区。
"It was a lost valley of cities," said Rostain, who directs investigations at France's National Center for Scientific Research. "It's incredible," he added.
“这是一个失落的城市山谷，”在法国国家科学研究中心负责调查工作的罗斯坦说。“太不可思议了，”他补充道。
The Upano people lived in the settlements between around 500 B.C. and 300 to 600 A.D. That was around the same time period as the Roman Empire in Europe, the researchers found.
研究人员发现，乌帕诺人生活在公元前500年至公元300年至600年之间的定居点，与欧洲罗马帝国的时期大致相同。
Ancient people built on over 6,000 earthen mounds in an area surrounded by agricultural fields with drainage canals. The largest roads were 10 meters wide and went for 10 to 20 kilometers.
古人在6000多个土丘上建造房屋，这些土丘周围是农田和排水渠。最大的道路宽10米，长10 ~ 20公里。
While it is difficult to estimate populations, the area was home to at least 10,000 people, and possibly about 15,000 or 30,000 at its highest point, said Antoine Dorison, a study co-writer. That is comparable to the estimated population of Roman-era London, then Britain's largest city.
研究报告的合著者安托万·多里森说，虽然很难估计人口数量，但该地区至少有1万人居住，最高峰时可能约有1.5万或3万人。这相当于罗马时代英国最大城市伦敦的估计人口。
"This shows a very dense occupation and an extremely complicated society," said Michael Heckenberger of the University of Florida. He was not involved in the study.
佛罗里达大学的Michael Heckenberger说:“这显示了一个非常密集的职业和一个极其复杂的社会。”他没有参与这项研究。
José Iriarte of the University of Exeter was also not involved in the study. He said it would have required a complex system of organized labor to build the roads and thousands of earthen mounds.
埃克塞特大学的约瑟夫·伊里亚特也没有参与这项研究。他说，这将需要一个复杂的有组织的劳动力系统来建造道路和成千上万的土丘。
Iriarte said, "The Incas and Mayans built with stone, but people in Amazonia didn't usually have stone available to build — they built with mud."
伊里亚特说:“印加人和玛雅人用石头建造，但亚马逊地区的人通常没有可用的石头——他们用泥土建造。”
The Amazon is often thought of as a wild area "with only small groups of people. But recent discoveries have shown us how much more complex the past really is," he added.
亚马逊通常被认为是一个“只有一小群人”的荒野地区。但最近的发现向我们展示了过去是多么复杂，”他补充道。
Scientists have recently also found evidence of complex rainforest societies that came before European contact elsewhere in the Amazon, including in Bolivia and Brazil.
科学家们最近还发现了在欧洲人接触亚马逊其他地区之前存在复杂雨林社会的证据，包括玻利维亚和巴西。
"There's always been an incredible diversity of people and settlements in the Amazon, not only one way to live," said Rostain. "We're just learning more about them."
罗斯坦说:“亚马逊地区的人口和定居点一直存在着令人难以置信的多样性，而不仅仅是一种生活方式。”“我们只是在更多地了解它们。”
