双语新闻：欧洲批准人工智能法
European Union lawmakers gave final approval to the 27-nation group's artificial intelligence law Wednesday. The rules are expected to take effect later this year.
欧盟议员星期三最终批准了由27个成员国组成的人工智能法。这些规定预计将于今年晚些时候生效。
Lawmakers in the European Parliament voted in favor of the Artificial Intelligence Act, five years after regulations were first proposed.
欧洲议会的议员们投票赞成《人工智能法案》，这是该法案首次提出的五年后。
Major technology companies have generally supported the idea. But they want to make sure new AI requirements work in their favor. OpenAI chief Sam Altman suggested the maker of ChatGPT might pull out of Europe if it cannot comply with the AI Act. He later said his company had no plans to leave.
大型科技公司普遍支持这一想法。但他们希望确保新的人工智能要求对他们有利。OpenAI首席执行官萨姆·奥特曼表示，如果不能遵守人工智能法案，ChatGPT的制造商可能会退出欧洲。他后来表示，他的公司没有离开的计划。
Here are some details about Europe's new AI rules:
以下是欧洲新人工智能规则的一些细节:
How does the AI Act work?
人工智能法案是如何运作的?
Like many EU regulations, the AI Act started as consumer safety legislation. The EU took a "risk-based approach" to products or services that use artificial intelligence (AI).
像许多欧盟法规一样，人工智能法案最初是作为消费者安全立法的。欧盟对使用人工智能(AI)的产品或服务采取了“基于风险的方法”。
If an AI application is risky, then more rules cover it. Most AI systems are expected to be low risk, like content recommendation systems or filters that block spam, or unwanted email. Companies can choose to follow voluntary requirements and codes of conduct.
如果人工智能应用程序有风险，那么就会有更多的规则来覆盖它。大多数人工智能系统预计都是低风险的，比如内容推荐系统或阻止垃圾邮件或不需要的电子邮件的过滤器。公司可以选择遵循自愿要求和行为准则。
High-risk uses of AI include tools used in medical devices or important infrastructure like water or electrical networks. Those face additional requirements like using what the legislation calls high-quality data and providing clear information to users.
人工智能的高风险用途包括医疗设备或水电网络等重要基础设施中使用的工具。这些公司还面临额外的要求，比如使用立法所称的高质量数据，并向用户提供清晰的信息。
Some AI uses are banned because they are considered to present an unacceptable risk. Those include things like social scoring systems that are meant to govern how people behave. Some sorts of predictive policing and emotion recognition systems also are reportedly banned in schools and workplaces.
一些人工智能的使用被禁止，因为它们被认为存在不可接受的风险。其中包括旨在管理人们行为的社会评分系统。据报道，一些预测性警务和情绪识别系统也被禁止在学校和工作场所使用。
Other banned uses include ones that police use to scan faces in public places using AI-powered remote "biometric identification" systems. There is an exception for use in serious crimes like kidnapping or terrorism.
其他被禁止的用途还包括警方在公共场所使用人工智能远程“生物识别”系统扫描人脸。在绑架或恐怖主义等严重犯罪中有例外。
What about generative AI?
生成式AI呢?
The law's early versions centered on AI systems that carry out limited tasks, like reviewing employment information and job applications. But general AI models, like OpenAI's ChatGPT, forced EU officials to add rules for generative AI models. AI chatbot systems that can produce lifelike responses, images and more are examples of generative AI models.
该法律的早期版本集中在执行有限任务的人工智能系统上，比如审查就业信息和工作申请。但一般的人工智能模型，如OpenAI的ChatGPT，迫使欧盟官员为生成式人工智能模型添加规则。人工智能聊天机器人系统可以产生逼真的反应、图像等，这就是生成式人工智能模型的例子。
Developers of general purpose AI models will have to provide detailed descriptions of the writings, pictures, video and other data on the internet that was used to train the systems. They must also follow EU copyright law.
通用人工智能模型的开发人员必须对用于训练系统的互联网上的文字、图片、视频和其他数据提供详细描述。他们还必须遵守欧盟版权法。
AI-generated pictures, video or audio of existing people, places or events must be labeled as artificially produced. These sorts of media are known as "deepfakes" because they appear to show real people doing or saying things that are not real.
人工智能生成的现有人物、地点或事件的图片、视频或音频必须标记为人工生成。这类媒体被称为“深度造假”，因为它们似乎展示了真实的人在做或说一些不真实的事情。
There are reportedly extra rules for the biggest and most powerful AI models that carry "systemic risks." Those include OpenAI's GPT4 and Google's Gemini.
据报道，对于那些具有“系统性风险”的最大、最强大的人工智能模型，还有额外的规则。其中包括OpenAI的GPT4和谷歌的Gemini。
What do Europe's rules mean?
欧洲的规则意味着什么?
The EU first suggested AI regulations in 2019. Europe was quick to propose rules for the new and developing industry.
欧盟于2019年首次提出了人工智能法规。欧洲很快就为这个新兴的、正在发展的行业提出了规则。
In the U.S., President Joe Biden signed an executive order on AI in October. The U.S. Congress is likely to propose legislation. Lawmakers in at least seven U.S. states are working on their own AI legislation. And international agreements are possible too.
在美国，拜登总统于10月签署了一项关于人工智能的行政命令。美国国会可能会提出立法。美国至少有七个州的立法者正在制定自己的人工智能立法。国际协议也是可能的。
Chinese President Xi Jinping has proposed his Global AI Governance Initiative for fair and safe use of AI. Other major countries, including Brazil and Japan, are developing rules, as well as the United Nations and Group of Seven industrialized nations.
中国国家主席习近平提出了“全球人工智能治理倡议”，旨在公平、安全地使用人工智能。包括巴西和日本在内的其他主要国家以及联合国和七国集团(g7)正在制定相关规则。
What happens next?
接下来会发生什么?
The AI Act is expected to officially become law by May or June, after approval from EU member countries. Rules will start taking effect slowly. Countries will be required to ban unapproved AI systems six months after the law takes effect.
人工智能法案预计将在欧盟成员国批准后，于5月或6月正式成为法律。规则将开始慢慢生效。该法律生效6个月后，各国将被要求禁止未经批准的人工智能系统。
Rules for general purpose AI systems like chatbots will start going into effect in one year. By the middle of 2026, the complete set of regulations, including requirements for high-risk systems, will be in effect.
针对聊天机器人等通用人工智能系统的规则将在一年内开始生效。到2026年年中，包括高风险系统要求在内的整套法规将生效。
Each EU country will set up their own AI enforcement agency. Citizens can make a complaint if they think they have been the victim of a violation of the rules. And the EU will create an AI Office that will oversee the law for general purpose AI systems.
每个欧盟国家都将建立自己的人工智能执法机构。如果公民认为自己是违反规定的受害者，他们可以提出投诉。欧盟将成立一个人工智能办公室，负责监督通用人工智能系统的法律。
Violations of the AI Act could be punished with a fine of up to $38 million, or seven percent of a company's worldwide revenue.
违反《人工智能法案》将被处以最高3800万美元的罚款，相当于公司全球收入的7%。
欧盟议员星期三最终批准了由27个成员国组成的人工智能法。这些规定预计将于今年晚些时候生效。
Lawmakers in the European Parliament voted in favor of the Artificial Intelligence Act, five years after regulations were first proposed.
欧洲议会的议员们投票赞成《人工智能法案》，这是该法案首次提出的五年后。
Major technology companies have generally supported the idea. But they want to make sure new AI requirements work in their favor. OpenAI chief Sam Altman suggested the maker of ChatGPT might pull out of Europe if it cannot comply with the AI Act. He later said his company had no plans to leave.
大型科技公司普遍支持这一想法。但他们希望确保新的人工智能要求对他们有利。OpenAI首席执行官萨姆·奥特曼表示，如果不能遵守人工智能法案，ChatGPT的制造商可能会退出欧洲。他后来表示，他的公司没有离开的计划。
Here are some details about Europe's new AI rules:
以下是欧洲新人工智能规则的一些细节:
How does the AI Act work?
人工智能法案是如何运作的?
Like many EU regulations, the AI Act started as consumer safety legislation. The EU took a "risk-based approach" to products or services that use artificial intelligence (AI).
像许多欧盟法规一样，人工智能法案最初是作为消费者安全立法的。欧盟对使用人工智能(AI)的产品或服务采取了“基于风险的方法”。
If an AI application is risky, then more rules cover it. Most AI systems are expected to be low risk, like content recommendation systems or filters that block spam, or unwanted email. Companies can choose to follow voluntary requirements and codes of conduct.
如果人工智能应用程序有风险，那么就会有更多的规则来覆盖它。大多数人工智能系统预计都是低风险的，比如内容推荐系统或阻止垃圾邮件或不需要的电子邮件的过滤器。公司可以选择遵循自愿要求和行为准则。
High-risk uses of AI include tools used in medical devices or important infrastructure like water or electrical networks. Those face additional requirements like using what the legislation calls high-quality data and providing clear information to users.
人工智能的高风险用途包括医疗设备或水电网络等重要基础设施中使用的工具。这些公司还面临额外的要求，比如使用立法所称的高质量数据，并向用户提供清晰的信息。
Some AI uses are banned because they are considered to present an unacceptable risk. Those include things like social scoring systems that are meant to govern how people behave. Some sorts of predictive policing and emotion recognition systems also are reportedly banned in schools and workplaces.
一些人工智能的使用被禁止，因为它们被认为存在不可接受的风险。其中包括旨在管理人们行为的社会评分系统。据报道，一些预测性警务和情绪识别系统也被禁止在学校和工作场所使用。
Other banned uses include ones that police use to scan faces in public places using AI-powered remote "biometric identification" systems. There is an exception for use in serious crimes like kidnapping or terrorism.
其他被禁止的用途还包括警方在公共场所使用人工智能远程“生物识别”系统扫描人脸。在绑架或恐怖主义等严重犯罪中有例外。
What about generative AI?
生成式AI呢?
The law's early versions centered on AI systems that carry out limited tasks, like reviewing employment information and job applications. But general AI models, like OpenAI's ChatGPT, forced EU officials to add rules for generative AI models. AI chatbot systems that can produce lifelike responses, images and more are examples of generative AI models.
该法律的早期版本集中在执行有限任务的人工智能系统上，比如审查就业信息和工作申请。但一般的人工智能模型，如OpenAI的ChatGPT，迫使欧盟官员为生成式人工智能模型添加规则。人工智能聊天机器人系统可以产生逼真的反应、图像等，这就是生成式人工智能模型的例子。
Developers of general purpose AI models will have to provide detailed descriptions of the writings, pictures, video and other data on the internet that was used to train the systems. They must also follow EU copyright law.
通用人工智能模型的开发人员必须对用于训练系统的互联网上的文字、图片、视频和其他数据提供详细描述。他们还必须遵守欧盟版权法。
AI-generated pictures, video or audio of existing people, places or events must be labeled as artificially produced. These sorts of media are known as "deepfakes" because they appear to show real people doing or saying things that are not real.
人工智能生成的现有人物、地点或事件的图片、视频或音频必须标记为人工生成。这类媒体被称为“深度造假”，因为它们似乎展示了真实的人在做或说一些不真实的事情。
There are reportedly extra rules for the biggest and most powerful AI models that carry "systemic risks." Those include OpenAI's GPT4 and Google's Gemini.
据报道，对于那些具有“系统性风险”的最大、最强大的人工智能模型，还有额外的规则。其中包括OpenAI的GPT4和谷歌的Gemini。
What do Europe's rules mean?
欧洲的规则意味着什么?
The EU first suggested AI regulations in 2019. Europe was quick to propose rules for the new and developing industry.
欧盟于2019年首次提出了人工智能法规。欧洲很快就为这个新兴的、正在发展的行业提出了规则。
In the U.S., President Joe Biden signed an executive order on AI in October. The U.S. Congress is likely to propose legislation. Lawmakers in at least seven U.S. states are working on their own AI legislation. And international agreements are possible too.
在美国，拜登总统于10月签署了一项关于人工智能的行政命令。美国国会可能会提出立法。美国至少有七个州的立法者正在制定自己的人工智能立法。国际协议也是可能的。
Chinese President Xi Jinping has proposed his Global AI Governance Initiative for fair and safe use of AI. Other major countries, including Brazil and Japan, are developing rules, as well as the United Nations and Group of Seven industrialized nations.
中国国家主席习近平提出了“全球人工智能治理倡议”，旨在公平、安全地使用人工智能。包括巴西和日本在内的其他主要国家以及联合国和七国集团(g7)正在制定相关规则。
What happens next?
接下来会发生什么?
The AI Act is expected to officially become law by May or June, after approval from EU member countries. Rules will start taking effect slowly. Countries will be required to ban unapproved AI systems six months after the law takes effect.
人工智能法案预计将在欧盟成员国批准后，于5月或6月正式成为法律。规则将开始慢慢生效。该法律生效6个月后，各国将被要求禁止未经批准的人工智能系统。
Rules for general purpose AI systems like chatbots will start going into effect in one year. By the middle of 2026, the complete set of regulations, including requirements for high-risk systems, will be in effect.
针对聊天机器人等通用人工智能系统的规则将在一年内开始生效。到2026年年中，包括高风险系统要求在内的整套法规将生效。
Each EU country will set up their own AI enforcement agency. Citizens can make a complaint if they think they have been the victim of a violation of the rules. And the EU will create an AI Office that will oversee the law for general purpose AI systems.
每个欧盟国家都将建立自己的人工智能执法机构。如果公民认为自己是违反规定的受害者，他们可以提出投诉。欧盟将成立一个人工智能办公室，负责监督通用人工智能系统的法律。
Violations of the AI Act could be punished with a fine of up to $38 million, or seven percent of a company's worldwide revenue.
违反《人工智能法案》将被处以最高3800万美元的罚款，相当于公司全球收入的7%。
