双语新闻：对抗脑癌的新方法显示出希望
A new way to fight an extremely aggressive kind of brain tumor is showing promise in two experiments with a small number of patients.
在两项针对少数患者的实验中，一种对抗一种极具侵袭性的脑肿瘤的新方法显示出了希望。
For the experiments, scientists took patients' own immune cells and turned them into "living drugs" that can find and attack the tumor, called glioblastoma. Researchers have reported that, in early tests, the immune cells have made the tumors temporarily smaller.
在实验中，科学家们提取患者自身的免疫细胞，将其转化为能够发现并攻击胶质母细胞瘤的“活药物”。研究人员报告说，在早期的测试中，免疫细胞使肿瘤暂时变小。
The treatment is called CAR-T therapy. Doctors already use the treatment to fight blood-related cancers like leukemia. But researchers have struggled to make CAR-T therapy work for solid tumors.
这种疗法被称为CAR-T疗法。医生们已经使用这种疗法来治疗与血液有关的癌症，比如白血病。但研究人员一直在努力使CAR-T疗法对实体肿瘤起作用。
Now, separate teams at both Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Pennsylvania are developing next-generation CAR-T therapy treatments. They are designed to get past some of glioblastoma's defenses.
现在，麻省总医院和宾夕法尼亚大学的独立团队正在开发下一代CAR-T疗法。它们被设计用来突破胶质母细胞瘤的防御。
University of Pennsylvania's Dr. Stephen Bagley led one of the studies. He warned, "It's very early days." But he added, "We're optimistic that we've got something to build on here..."
宾夕法尼亚大学的斯蒂芬·巴格利博士领导了其中一项研究。他警告说:“现在还为时尚早。”但他补充说，“我们乐观地认为，我们可以在此基础上有所建树……”
Glioblastoma is the brain cancer that killed U.S. President Joe Biden's son Beau Biden. It also took the life of longtime Arizona Senator John McCain.
胶质母细胞瘤是导致美国总统乔·拜登的儿子博·拜登死亡的脑癌。它还夺去了亚利桑那州长期参议员约翰·麦凯恩的生命。
Glioblastoma is fast-growing and hard to treat. Patients usually live 12 to 18 months after diagnosis. Even after many years of research, there are few options if the cancer returns after treatments.
胶质母细胞瘤生长迅速且难以治疗。患者通常在诊断后存活12至18个月。即使经过多年的研究，如果癌症在治疗后复发，也没有什么选择。
A kind of cell in the immune system called T cells fight disease, but cancer has ways to hide. With CAR-T therapy, doctors genetically change a patient's own T cells so they can better find different cancer cells.
免疫系统中有一种叫做T细胞的细胞可以抵抗疾病，但是癌症有办法隐藏起来。通过CAR-T疗法，医生改变病人自身的T细胞基因，以便更好地发现不同的癌细胞。
But solid tumors like glioblastoma have an additional difficulty. They contain mixtures of cancer cells with different mutations. Targeting just one kind still means the other kinds can keep growing.
但是像胶质母细胞瘤这样的实体瘤有额外的困难。它们含有不同突变的癌细胞的混合物。只针对一种类型仍然意味着其他类型可以继续增长。
The teams at Massachusetts General Hospital and University of Pennsylvania each developed a therapy with two different methods. They tried them in patients whose tumors returned after usual treatment.
麻省总医院和宾夕法尼亚大学的研究小组各自用两种不同的方法开发了一种治疗方法。他们在常规治疗后肿瘤复发的患者身上进行了试验。
At Massachusetts General Hospital, Dr. Marcela Maus and her team combined CAR-T with T-cell engaging antibody molecules. T-cell engaging antibody molecules are molecules that can attract nearby, regular T cells to join in the cancer attack. The result, called CAR-TEAM, targets a protein called EGFR. EGFR is found in most glioblastomas but not in normal brain tissue.
在麻省总医院，Marcela Maus博士和她的团队将CAR-T与t细胞抗体分子结合起来。T细胞参与抗体分子是一种分子，可以吸引附近的常规T细胞加入到癌症攻击中来。结果被称为CAR-TEAM，目标是一种叫做EGFR的蛋白质。EGFR存在于大多数胶质母细胞瘤中，但不存在于正常脑组织中。
The University of Pennsylvania's method was to create a two-target CAR-T therapy. It hunts for both the EGFR protein plus a second protein found in many glioblastomas.
宾夕法尼亚大学的方法是创造一种双靶点CAR-T疗法。它寻找EGFR蛋白和在许多胶质母细胞瘤中发现的第二种蛋白。
Both teams administered the treatment through a medical device called a catheter into the fluid that surrounds the brain.
两个团队都通过一种叫做导管的医疗设备将治疗方法插入大脑周围的液体中。
Massachusetts General Hospital tested three patients with its CAR-TEAM therapy. Brain imagining a day or two later showed their tumors were quickly becoming smaller. The researchers reported their findings in the publication the New England Journal of Medicine.
马萨诸塞州总医院用CAR-TEAM疗法测试了三名患者。一两天后的大脑成像显示他们的肿瘤迅速变小了。研究人员在《新英格兰医学杂志》上发表了他们的研究结果。
Maus said, "None of us could really believe it."
老鼠说:“我们谁也不敢相信。”
Two of the patients' tumors began to regrow soon. A second treatment given to one of them did not work. But one patient's response to the experimental treatment lasted more than six months.
其中两名患者的肿瘤很快开始再生。对其中一人进行的第二次治疗没有奏效。但有一位患者对这种试验性治疗的反应持续了6个多月。
University of Pennsylvania researchers reported their findings in the publication Nature Medicine. They similarly found that in the first six patients given its therapy tumors got smaller. While some came back quickly, Bagley said one patient treated last August still has not had any regrowth.
宾夕法尼亚大学的研究人员在《自然医学》杂志上发表了他们的研究结果。他们同样发现，在最初接受治疗的6名患者中，肿瘤变小了。巴格利说，虽然有些人很快就康复了，但去年8月接受治疗的一名患者仍然没有任何再生。
For both teams, the goal is to see longer-lasting results.
对于这两个团队来说，目标都是看到更持久的结果。
Bagley said, "None of this is going to matter if it doesn't last."
巴格利说:“如果不能持续下去，这一切都不重要。”
在两项针对少数患者的实验中，一种对抗一种极具侵袭性的脑肿瘤的新方法显示出了希望。
For the experiments, scientists took patients' own immune cells and turned them into "living drugs" that can find and attack the tumor, called glioblastoma. Researchers have reported that, in early tests, the immune cells have made the tumors temporarily smaller.
在实验中，科学家们提取患者自身的免疫细胞，将其转化为能够发现并攻击胶质母细胞瘤的“活药物”。研究人员报告说，在早期的测试中，免疫细胞使肿瘤暂时变小。
The treatment is called CAR-T therapy. Doctors already use the treatment to fight blood-related cancers like leukemia. But researchers have struggled to make CAR-T therapy work for solid tumors.
这种疗法被称为CAR-T疗法。医生们已经使用这种疗法来治疗与血液有关的癌症，比如白血病。但研究人员一直在努力使CAR-T疗法对实体肿瘤起作用。
Now, separate teams at both Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Pennsylvania are developing next-generation CAR-T therapy treatments. They are designed to get past some of glioblastoma's defenses.
现在，麻省总医院和宾夕法尼亚大学的独立团队正在开发下一代CAR-T疗法。它们被设计用来突破胶质母细胞瘤的防御。
University of Pennsylvania's Dr. Stephen Bagley led one of the studies. He warned, "It's very early days." But he added, "We're optimistic that we've got something to build on here..."
宾夕法尼亚大学的斯蒂芬·巴格利博士领导了其中一项研究。他警告说:“现在还为时尚早。”但他补充说，“我们乐观地认为，我们可以在此基础上有所建树……”
Glioblastoma is the brain cancer that killed U.S. President Joe Biden's son Beau Biden. It also took the life of longtime Arizona Senator John McCain.
胶质母细胞瘤是导致美国总统乔·拜登的儿子博·拜登死亡的脑癌。它还夺去了亚利桑那州长期参议员约翰·麦凯恩的生命。
Glioblastoma is fast-growing and hard to treat. Patients usually live 12 to 18 months after diagnosis. Even after many years of research, there are few options if the cancer returns after treatments.
胶质母细胞瘤生长迅速且难以治疗。患者通常在诊断后存活12至18个月。即使经过多年的研究，如果癌症在治疗后复发，也没有什么选择。
A kind of cell in the immune system called T cells fight disease, but cancer has ways to hide. With CAR-T therapy, doctors genetically change a patient's own T cells so they can better find different cancer cells.
免疫系统中有一种叫做T细胞的细胞可以抵抗疾病，但是癌症有办法隐藏起来。通过CAR-T疗法，医生改变病人自身的T细胞基因，以便更好地发现不同的癌细胞。
But solid tumors like glioblastoma have an additional difficulty. They contain mixtures of cancer cells with different mutations. Targeting just one kind still means the other kinds can keep growing.
但是像胶质母细胞瘤这样的实体瘤有额外的困难。它们含有不同突变的癌细胞的混合物。只针对一种类型仍然意味着其他类型可以继续增长。
The teams at Massachusetts General Hospital and University of Pennsylvania each developed a therapy with two different methods. They tried them in patients whose tumors returned after usual treatment.
麻省总医院和宾夕法尼亚大学的研究小组各自用两种不同的方法开发了一种治疗方法。他们在常规治疗后肿瘤复发的患者身上进行了试验。
At Massachusetts General Hospital, Dr. Marcela Maus and her team combined CAR-T with T-cell engaging antibody molecules. T-cell engaging antibody molecules are molecules that can attract nearby, regular T cells to join in the cancer attack. The result, called CAR-TEAM, targets a protein called EGFR. EGFR is found in most glioblastomas but not in normal brain tissue.
在麻省总医院，Marcela Maus博士和她的团队将CAR-T与t细胞抗体分子结合起来。T细胞参与抗体分子是一种分子，可以吸引附近的常规T细胞加入到癌症攻击中来。结果被称为CAR-TEAM，目标是一种叫做EGFR的蛋白质。EGFR存在于大多数胶质母细胞瘤中，但不存在于正常脑组织中。
The University of Pennsylvania's method was to create a two-target CAR-T therapy. It hunts for both the EGFR protein plus a second protein found in many glioblastomas.
宾夕法尼亚大学的方法是创造一种双靶点CAR-T疗法。它寻找EGFR蛋白和在许多胶质母细胞瘤中发现的第二种蛋白。
Both teams administered the treatment through a medical device called a catheter into the fluid that surrounds the brain.
两个团队都通过一种叫做导管的医疗设备将治疗方法插入大脑周围的液体中。
Massachusetts General Hospital tested three patients with its CAR-TEAM therapy. Brain imagining a day or two later showed their tumors were quickly becoming smaller. The researchers reported their findings in the publication the New England Journal of Medicine.
马萨诸塞州总医院用CAR-TEAM疗法测试了三名患者。一两天后的大脑成像显示他们的肿瘤迅速变小了。研究人员在《新英格兰医学杂志》上发表了他们的研究结果。
Maus said, "None of us could really believe it."
老鼠说:“我们谁也不敢相信。”
Two of the patients' tumors began to regrow soon. A second treatment given to one of them did not work. But one patient's response to the experimental treatment lasted more than six months.
其中两名患者的肿瘤很快开始再生。对其中一人进行的第二次治疗没有奏效。但有一位患者对这种试验性治疗的反应持续了6个多月。
University of Pennsylvania researchers reported their findings in the publication Nature Medicine. They similarly found that in the first six patients given its therapy tumors got smaller. While some came back quickly, Bagley said one patient treated last August still has not had any regrowth.
宾夕法尼亚大学的研究人员在《自然医学》杂志上发表了他们的研究结果。他们同样发现，在最初接受治疗的6名患者中，肿瘤变小了。巴格利说，虽然有些人很快就康复了，但去年8月接受治疗的一名患者仍然没有任何再生。
For both teams, the goal is to see longer-lasting results.
对于这两个团队来说，目标都是看到更持久的结果。
Bagley said, "None of this is going to matter if it doesn't last."
巴格利说:“如果不能持续下去，这一切都不重要。”
