双语新闻：关于保护措施是否能拯救巴尔的摩大桥的争论
In 2007, when a 274-meter-long container ship struck the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, it stood firm. No one died, either on the ship or the road above.
2007年，当一艘274米长的集装箱船撞上旧金山-奥克兰海湾大桥时，它屹立不倒。无论是在船上还是在上面的路上，都没有人死亡。
The bridge's supports were protected by a fendering system of materials that were designed to soften such a strike.
桥梁的支撑物由一套护舷系统保护，这种材料的设计初衷是为了减轻这种冲击。
Now, people are asking if such a system, or other safety measures, could have saved Baltimore's Francis Scott Key Bridge. The Key Bridge recently collapsed after the container ship Dali lost power and struck it.
现在，人们在问，这样的系统或其他安全措施是否可以挽救巴尔的摩的弗朗西斯·斯科特·基桥。最近，集装箱船“大理”号失去动力并撞上了基桥，导致基桥坍塌。
Sherif El-Tawil is a University of Michigan engineering professor. He said there are several safety measures that "would have made a huge difference" had they been in place for the Baltimore bridge.
Sherif El-Tawil是密歇根大学工程学教授。他说，如果在巴尔的摩大桥上实施了几项安全措施，“将会产生巨大的影响”。
El-Tawil said a fendering system could have softened the 300-meter-long ship's strike. The system includes long tubes called pilings attached to the river bottom that would have helped move the container ship away from the bridge. Another possible protection could have been an island of rocks around the bridge's supports.
El-Tawil说，一个护舷系统可以减轻这艘300米长的船的撞击。该系统包括连接在河底的长管桩，这将有助于将集装箱船从桥上移开。另一种可能的保护是在桥的支撑物周围的岩石岛。
"It may seem like a very large force," El-Tawil said of the cargo ship. "But I think you can design around it, either through a protective system or by designing the bridge itself to have massive towers."
“这似乎是一支非常庞大的部队，”塔威尔在谈到这艘货船时说。“但我认为你可以绕过它进行设计，要么通过保护系统，要么把桥本身设计成巨大的塔。”
Such protections are being questioned after the disaster, which took the lives of six workers on the Key Bridge. Experts say the 47-year-old bridge did not appear to have the protections that are common among newer bridges.
灾难发生后，这种保护措施受到了质疑，这场灾难夺去了基桥上六名工人的生命。专家表示，这座有47年历史的桥梁似乎没有新桥中常见的保护措施。
The incident is raising questions about how much money American taxpayers are willing to spend to protect against these rare but deadly accidents. And not everyone agrees the Key Bridge could have been saved.
这一事件引发了一个问题，即美国纳税人愿意花多少钱来保护这些罕见但致命的事故。并不是每个人都同意基桥本来可以被拯救的。
Pete Buttigieg is the Transportation Secretary of the U.S. He recently said at a White House press conference that there has been a lot of debate about whether any of those protections could have avoided the disaster. He said it was a massive strike where the force of about 91,000 metric tons, much larger than a building, hit the bridge.
美国交通部长皮特·布蒂吉格最近在白宫新闻发布会上表示，关于这些保护措施是否可以避免这场灾难，存在很多争论。他说，这是一次巨大的打击，大约9.1万吨的力量，比一座建筑物大得多，击中了桥梁。
Buttigieg did not directly answer a question about whether steps should be taken to protect the nation's bridges. But he noted that many bridges have been designed to better protect against strikes since a large truck hit Florida's Sunshine Skyway Bridge in 1980. That disaster killed 35 people.
布蒂吉格没有直接回答是否应该采取措施保护国家桥梁的问题。但他指出，自1980年一辆大型卡车撞上佛罗里达州阳光高架桥以来，许多桥梁的设计都更好地保护了罢工。那场灾难造成35人死亡。
Baltimore's Key Bridge opened three years before the disaster in 1977. That was a time when container ships were much smaller. In recent years, the ships have grown to carry more containers to save on shipping costs.
巴尔的摩的基桥在1977年灾难发生前三年开通。那时候集装箱船要小得多。近年来，为了节省运输成本，这些船装载了更多的集装箱。
Mark Luther is a professor at the University of South Florida (USF) and a director of the USF Center for Maritime and Port Studies.
马克·路德是南佛罗里达大学教授，也是南佛罗里达大学海事和港口研究中心主任。
Luther said that to go back and add protections to an existing bridge, like the Key Bridge, would be extremely costly. He added that to his knowledge no one has done it. Officials, he said, have accepted that there is a risk with bridges that were built in the 70s with what was then the latest technology.
路德说，回到过去，为现有的桥梁增加保护措施，比如基桥，将是非常昂贵的。他补充说，据他所知，还没有人这样做过。他说，官员们已经承认，上世纪70年代用当时最先进的技术建造的桥梁存在风险。
Roberto Leon is a Virginia Tech engineering professor. He said the technology is available to protect a bridge against a strike with a massive cargo ship like the Dali.
罗伯特·利昂是弗吉尼亚理工大学的工程学教授。他说，这项技术可以保护桥梁免受像“大理”号这样的大型货船的撞击。
But he warned that governments will always be weighing the costs and the risks. He questioned whether anyone would design protections for such a massive strike.
但他警告说，各国政府将一直在权衡成本和风险。他质疑是否有人会为如此大规模的罢工设计保护措施。
He said, "Would you design it for such an enormous load? Because as the load increases, it becomes much more expensive."
他说:“你会设计这么大的负荷吗?因为随着负载的增加，它会变得更加昂贵。”
2007年，当一艘274米长的集装箱船撞上旧金山-奥克兰海湾大桥时，它屹立不倒。无论是在船上还是在上面的路上，都没有人死亡。
The bridge's supports were protected by a fendering system of materials that were designed to soften such a strike.
桥梁的支撑物由一套护舷系统保护，这种材料的设计初衷是为了减轻这种冲击。
Now, people are asking if such a system, or other safety measures, could have saved Baltimore's Francis Scott Key Bridge. The Key Bridge recently collapsed after the container ship Dali lost power and struck it.
现在，人们在问，这样的系统或其他安全措施是否可以挽救巴尔的摩的弗朗西斯·斯科特·基桥。最近，集装箱船“大理”号失去动力并撞上了基桥，导致基桥坍塌。
Sherif El-Tawil is a University of Michigan engineering professor. He said there are several safety measures that "would have made a huge difference" had they been in place for the Baltimore bridge.
Sherif El-Tawil是密歇根大学工程学教授。他说，如果在巴尔的摩大桥上实施了几项安全措施，“将会产生巨大的影响”。
El-Tawil said a fendering system could have softened the 300-meter-long ship's strike. The system includes long tubes called pilings attached to the river bottom that would have helped move the container ship away from the bridge. Another possible protection could have been an island of rocks around the bridge's supports.
El-Tawil说，一个护舷系统可以减轻这艘300米长的船的撞击。该系统包括连接在河底的长管桩，这将有助于将集装箱船从桥上移开。另一种可能的保护是在桥的支撑物周围的岩石岛。
"It may seem like a very large force," El-Tawil said of the cargo ship. "But I think you can design around it, either through a protective system or by designing the bridge itself to have massive towers."
“这似乎是一支非常庞大的部队，”塔威尔在谈到这艘货船时说。“但我认为你可以绕过它进行设计，要么通过保护系统，要么把桥本身设计成巨大的塔。”
Such protections are being questioned after the disaster, which took the lives of six workers on the Key Bridge. Experts say the 47-year-old bridge did not appear to have the protections that are common among newer bridges.
灾难发生后，这种保护措施受到了质疑，这场灾难夺去了基桥上六名工人的生命。专家表示，这座有47年历史的桥梁似乎没有新桥中常见的保护措施。
The incident is raising questions about how much money American taxpayers are willing to spend to protect against these rare but deadly accidents. And not everyone agrees the Key Bridge could have been saved.
这一事件引发了一个问题，即美国纳税人愿意花多少钱来保护这些罕见但致命的事故。并不是每个人都同意基桥本来可以被拯救的。
Pete Buttigieg is the Transportation Secretary of the U.S. He recently said at a White House press conference that there has been a lot of debate about whether any of those protections could have avoided the disaster. He said it was a massive strike where the force of about 91,000 metric tons, much larger than a building, hit the bridge.
美国交通部长皮特·布蒂吉格最近在白宫新闻发布会上表示，关于这些保护措施是否可以避免这场灾难，存在很多争论。他说，这是一次巨大的打击，大约9.1万吨的力量，比一座建筑物大得多，击中了桥梁。
Buttigieg did not directly answer a question about whether steps should be taken to protect the nation's bridges. But he noted that many bridges have been designed to better protect against strikes since a large truck hit Florida's Sunshine Skyway Bridge in 1980. That disaster killed 35 people.
布蒂吉格没有直接回答是否应该采取措施保护国家桥梁的问题。但他指出，自1980年一辆大型卡车撞上佛罗里达州阳光高架桥以来，许多桥梁的设计都更好地保护了罢工。那场灾难造成35人死亡。
Baltimore's Key Bridge opened three years before the disaster in 1977. That was a time when container ships were much smaller. In recent years, the ships have grown to carry more containers to save on shipping costs.
巴尔的摩的基桥在1977年灾难发生前三年开通。那时候集装箱船要小得多。近年来，为了节省运输成本，这些船装载了更多的集装箱。
Mark Luther is a professor at the University of South Florida (USF) and a director of the USF Center for Maritime and Port Studies.
马克·路德是南佛罗里达大学教授，也是南佛罗里达大学海事和港口研究中心主任。
Luther said that to go back and add protections to an existing bridge, like the Key Bridge, would be extremely costly. He added that to his knowledge no one has done it. Officials, he said, have accepted that there is a risk with bridges that were built in the 70s with what was then the latest technology.
路德说，回到过去，为现有的桥梁增加保护措施，比如基桥，将是非常昂贵的。他补充说，据他所知，还没有人这样做过。他说，官员们已经承认，上世纪70年代用当时最先进的技术建造的桥梁存在风险。
Roberto Leon is a Virginia Tech engineering professor. He said the technology is available to protect a bridge against a strike with a massive cargo ship like the Dali.
罗伯特·利昂是弗吉尼亚理工大学的工程学教授。他说，这项技术可以保护桥梁免受像“大理”号这样的大型货船的撞击。
But he warned that governments will always be weighing the costs and the risks. He questioned whether anyone would design protections for such a massive strike.
但他警告说，各国政府将一直在权衡成本和风险。他质疑是否有人会为如此大规模的罢工设计保护措施。
He said, "Would you design it for such an enormous load? Because as the load increases, it becomes much more expensive."
他说:“你会设计这么大的负荷吗?因为随着负载的增加，它会变得更加昂贵。”
