双语新闻：科学家发现银河系的组成部分
Researchers have identified two ancient star groupings that appear to be among the Milky Way Galaxy's earliest parts.
研究人员已经确定了两个古老的恒星群，它们似乎是银河系最早的部分。
The structures are named after the Hindu gods Shakti and Shiva. They were discovered using observations from the European Space Agency's Gaia space telescope.
这些建筑以印度教神沙克提和湿婆命名。它们是通过欧洲航天局盖亚太空望远镜的观测发现的。
Scientists wrote in a study that the structures might be the remains of two galaxies that combined 12 billion years ago with the early pieces of the Milky Way. They said the discovery offers new information about how our galaxy formed.
科学家在一项研究中写道，这些结构可能是120亿年前两个星系与银河系早期部分结合的遗迹。他们说，这一发现为我们的星系如何形成提供了新的信息。
Researchers said Shakti and Shiva are made up of stars that contain similar chemicals. They are believed to have formed 12 to 13 billion years ago. Each of the structures has a mass 10 million times greater than our sun.
研究人员表示，Shakti和Shiva是由含有相似化学物质的恒星组成的。它们被认为形成于120亿到130亿年前。每一个结构的质量都是太阳的1000万倍。
Astronomer Khyati Malhan of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Germany was the lead writer of the study. It was recently published in The Astrophysical Journal. Malhan said the study deals with a central question: "how do galaxies form in our universe?"
德国马克斯普朗克天文研究所的天文学家Khyati Malhan是这项研究的主要作者。这项研究最近发表在《天体物理学杂志》上。Malhan说，这项研究处理了一个核心问题:“星系是如何在我们的宇宙中形成的?”
The Milky Way is a large spiral-shaped galaxy made up of hundreds of billions of stars. It is a large, flat circle about 100,000 light years across. A light year is the distance light travels in a year.
银河系是一个巨大的螺旋形星系，由数千亿颗恒星组成。它是一个大而平的圆，直径约10万光年。一光年是光在一年内传播的距离。
Malhan said the study might have identified the last event before the Milky Way began to take the shape it has today.
Malhan说，这项研究可能已经确定了银河系开始形成今天的形状之前的最后一次事件。
The European Space Agency launched Gaia in 2013. The space telescope is helping to create the largest and most complete three-dimensional map of the Milky Way. The telescope is measuring the positions, distances, and movements of the stars. This data permitted researchers to find Shakti and Shiva.
欧洲航天局于2013年发射了盖亚。这架太空望远镜正在帮助绘制银河系最大、最完整的三维地图。望远镜正在测量恒星的位置、距离和运动。这些数据让研究人员找到了沙克蒂和湿婆。
The researchers said Shiva and Shakti are now within 30,000 light years of the galaxy's center.
研究人员表示，Shiva和Shakti现在距离银河系中心不到3万光年。
The study builds on another recent discovery. In 2022, scientists using Gaia data identified what they called the "poor old heart" of the Milky Way. It is made up of a population of stars from the earliest period of the galaxy found near its center.
这项研究建立在最近的另一项发现之上。2022年，科学家利用盖亚的数据确定了他们所谓的银河系“可怜的老心脏”。它是由星系中心附近发现的最早时期的恒星组成的。
The stars that make up Shiva and Shakti are different chemically from most of the Milky Way's other stars. They are called "metal poor" because of the amount of heavy elements they contain. For example, the stars have less iron, carbon, and oxygen than similar stars in other parts of the galaxy.
构成湿婆和莎克蒂的恒星在化学上与银河系中大多数其他恒星不同。它们被称为“贫金属”，因为它们含有大量的重元素。例如，这些恒星的铁、碳和氧含量比银河系其他地方的类似恒星要少。
Heavier elements first formed inside the universe's earliest population of stars. When these stars exploded at the end of their life cycles, the elements were then sent out into space.
更重的元素首先在宇宙中最早的恒星群中形成。当这些恒星在生命周期结束时爆炸时，这些元素就会被送入太空。
Malhan said researchers would like to "trace the formation and evolution of the Milky Way starting from the beginning of it until present day." But he said this is difficult because the earliest period of the galaxy took place 11 to 12 billion years ago.
Malhan说，研究人员想要“追踪银河系的形成和演化，从一开始到现在。”但他说，这很困难，因为银河系最早的时期发生在110亿到120亿年前。
Scientists say the Big Bang event started the formation of the universe about 13.8 billion years ago.
科学家们表示，大爆炸事件开始了大约138亿年前宇宙的形成。
研究人员已经确定了两个古老的恒星群，它们似乎是银河系最早的部分。
The structures are named after the Hindu gods Shakti and Shiva. They were discovered using observations from the European Space Agency's Gaia space telescope.
这些建筑以印度教神沙克提和湿婆命名。它们是通过欧洲航天局盖亚太空望远镜的观测发现的。
Scientists wrote in a study that the structures might be the remains of two galaxies that combined 12 billion years ago with the early pieces of the Milky Way. They said the discovery offers new information about how our galaxy formed.
科学家在一项研究中写道，这些结构可能是120亿年前两个星系与银河系早期部分结合的遗迹。他们说，这一发现为我们的星系如何形成提供了新的信息。
Researchers said Shakti and Shiva are made up of stars that contain similar chemicals. They are believed to have formed 12 to 13 billion years ago. Each of the structures has a mass 10 million times greater than our sun.
研究人员表示，Shakti和Shiva是由含有相似化学物质的恒星组成的。它们被认为形成于120亿到130亿年前。每一个结构的质量都是太阳的1000万倍。
Astronomer Khyati Malhan of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Germany was the lead writer of the study. It was recently published in The Astrophysical Journal. Malhan said the study deals with a central question: "how do galaxies form in our universe?"
德国马克斯普朗克天文研究所的天文学家Khyati Malhan是这项研究的主要作者。这项研究最近发表在《天体物理学杂志》上。Malhan说，这项研究处理了一个核心问题:“星系是如何在我们的宇宙中形成的?”
The Milky Way is a large spiral-shaped galaxy made up of hundreds of billions of stars. It is a large, flat circle about 100,000 light years across. A light year is the distance light travels in a year.
银河系是一个巨大的螺旋形星系，由数千亿颗恒星组成。它是一个大而平的圆，直径约10万光年。一光年是光在一年内传播的距离。
Malhan said the study might have identified the last event before the Milky Way began to take the shape it has today.
Malhan说，这项研究可能已经确定了银河系开始形成今天的形状之前的最后一次事件。
The European Space Agency launched Gaia in 2013. The space telescope is helping to create the largest and most complete three-dimensional map of the Milky Way. The telescope is measuring the positions, distances, and movements of the stars. This data permitted researchers to find Shakti and Shiva.
欧洲航天局于2013年发射了盖亚。这架太空望远镜正在帮助绘制银河系最大、最完整的三维地图。望远镜正在测量恒星的位置、距离和运动。这些数据让研究人员找到了沙克蒂和湿婆。
The researchers said Shiva and Shakti are now within 30,000 light years of the galaxy's center.
研究人员表示，Shiva和Shakti现在距离银河系中心不到3万光年。
The study builds on another recent discovery. In 2022, scientists using Gaia data identified what they called the "poor old heart" of the Milky Way. It is made up of a population of stars from the earliest period of the galaxy found near its center.
这项研究建立在最近的另一项发现之上。2022年，科学家利用盖亚的数据确定了他们所谓的银河系“可怜的老心脏”。它是由星系中心附近发现的最早时期的恒星组成的。
The stars that make up Shiva and Shakti are different chemically from most of the Milky Way's other stars. They are called "metal poor" because of the amount of heavy elements they contain. For example, the stars have less iron, carbon, and oxygen than similar stars in other parts of the galaxy.
构成湿婆和莎克蒂的恒星在化学上与银河系中大多数其他恒星不同。它们被称为“贫金属”，因为它们含有大量的重元素。例如，这些恒星的铁、碳和氧含量比银河系其他地方的类似恒星要少。
Heavier elements first formed inside the universe's earliest population of stars. When these stars exploded at the end of their life cycles, the elements were then sent out into space.
更重的元素首先在宇宙中最早的恒星群中形成。当这些恒星在生命周期结束时爆炸时，这些元素就会被送入太空。
Malhan said researchers would like to "trace the formation and evolution of the Milky Way starting from the beginning of it until present day." But he said this is difficult because the earliest period of the galaxy took place 11 to 12 billion years ago.
Malhan说，研究人员想要“追踪银河系的形成和演化，从一开始到现在。”但他说，这很困难，因为银河系最早的时期发生在110亿到120亿年前。
Scientists say the Big Bang event started the formation of the universe about 13.8 billion years ago.
科学家们表示，大爆炸事件开始了大约138亿年前宇宙的形成。
