双语新闻：早期人类离开非洲后去了哪里
A new study offers an answer to the question of where early humans traveled after leaving Africa.
一项新的研究为早期人类离开非洲后前往何处的问题提供了答案。
Scientists say modern humans, or Homo sapiens, developed in Africa more than 300,000 years ago. Early humans then left Africa between 60,000 to 70,000 years ago.
科学家表示，现代人类或智人是30多万年前在非洲发展起来的。早期人类在6万到7万年前离开了非洲。
Researchers said in a recently released study that these groups of hunter-gatherers appear to have stayed for thousands of years in an area of the Middle East. That area includes modern-day Iran, southeastern Iraq and northeastern Saudi Arabia. The early humans went on to settle all of Asia and Europe starting about 45,000 years ago.
研究人员在最近发表的一项研究中说，这些狩猎采集者群体似乎在中东地区生活了数千年。该地区包括今天的伊朗、伊拉克东南部和沙特阿拉伯东北部。早期人类在大约4.5万年前开始在亚洲和欧洲定居。
The scientists based their findings on genomic data taken from ancient DNA and from the genes of modern people. Scientists combined that data with paleoecological evidence. That is ancient evidence that suggests what the environment in these areas would have been like long ago.
科学家们的发现是基于从古代DNA和现代人基因中提取的基因组数据。科学家们将这些数据与古生态学证据结合起来。这是古老的证据，表明这些地区很久以前的环境是什么样的。
The evidence suggested the area in the Middle East would have been good for early humans. The researchers called this area a "hub" for these early people before they continued to more distant places. At the time, they numbered perhaps only in the thousands.
证据表明，中东地区可能对早期人类很好。研究人员称这个地区是这些早期人类在继续前往更远的地方之前的“中心”。当时，他们的数量可能只有几千人。
The study was published in the scientific journal Nature Communications. Michael Petraglia is an anthropologist and a study co-author. He said the study "is a story about us and our history - our goal was to unravel some of the mystery about our evolution and our worldwide dispersal."
这项研究发表在科学杂志《自然通讯》上。Michael Petraglia是一名人类学家，也是这项研究的合著者。他说，这项研究“是一个关于人类和人类历史的故事——我们的目标是揭开人类进化和全球传播的一些谜团。”
"The combination of genetic and paleoecological models allowed us to predict the location where early human populations first" lived as soon as they left Africa, Petraglia added.
佩特拉利亚补充说:“遗传和古生态模型的结合使我们能够预测早期人类离开非洲后第一次生活的地点。”
These people lived in small groups of hunter-gatherers, the researchers said. The hub location offered several environmental settings, from forests to grasslands, changing over time between dry and wet periods.
研究人员说，这些人生活在小规模的狩猎采集者群体中。中心的位置提供了几个环境设置，从森林到草原，随着时间的变化，在干燥和潮湿的时期之间变化。
There would have been many resources available, with evidence showing the hunting of wild gazelle, sheep and goat, Petraglia said.
佩特拉利亚说，有证据表明，当时有很多可利用的资源，比如狩猎野生瞪羚、绵羊和山羊。
They would have eaten "plants and small- to large-sized game. Hunter-gatherer groups seemed to have practiced a seasonal lifestyle, living in the lowlands in the cooler months and in the mountainous regions in the warmer months," Petraglia said.
它们会吃“植物和大小不等的猎物”。狩猎采集者群体似乎实行了一种季节性的生活方式，在寒冷的月份住在低地，在温暖的月份住在山区，”Petraglia说。
The people living in the hub at the time had dark skin and dark hair. Many might have looked like the Gumuz or Anuak people now living in parts of East Africa, said Luca Pagani, one of the study's writers.
当时住在中心的人都是深色皮肤和深色头发。该研究的作者之一卢卡·帕加尼说，许多人可能看起来像现在生活在东非部分地区的古穆兹人或阿努克人。
Later, they dispersed in different directions beyond the hub and the genetic differences developed between present-day East Asians and Europeans, the researchers said.
研究人员说，后来，他们分散到中心以外的不同方向，在今天的东亚人和欧洲人之间形成了遗传差异。
The study used modern and ancient genomic data for European and Asian people. The researchers found a way to disentangle the extensive genetic mixing of populations that has taken place since then.
这项研究使用了欧洲人和亚洲人的现代和古代基因组数据。研究人员找到了一种方法来解开从那时起发生的广泛的种群遗传混合。
There were earlier smaller dispersals of Homo sapiens out of Africa before the most important migration 60,000 to 70,000 years ago. But the study said these appear to have been dead ends, meaning they produced nothing.
在6万到7万年前最重要的一次迁徙之前，智人曾有过更早的小规模迁徙。但该研究称，这些似乎是死胡同，也就是说它们没有产生任何结果。
Homo sapiens was not the first human species to live outside of Africa - including the area surrounding the hub. Ancient intermixing by modern humans has left small traces of Neanderthal in the DNA of modern non-Africans.
智人并不是第一个生活在非洲以外的人类物种——包括中心周围地区。古代人与现代人的杂交在现代非非洲人的DNA中留下了少量尼安德特人的痕迹。
The lead writer of the study, Leonardo Vallini, said there is evidence Neanderthals lived in the area "before the arrival of Homo sapiens, so the hub may well have been where that interaction took place."
该研究的主要作者莱昂纳多·瓦利尼说，有证据表明，“在智人到来之前，尼安德特人就生活在这个地区，所以这个中心很可能就是发生这种互动的地方。”
Homo sapiens is the scientific name for today's humans. It means "wise man."
智人是当今人类的学名。它的意思是“聪明人”。
一项新的研究为早期人类离开非洲后前往何处的问题提供了答案。
Scientists say modern humans, or Homo sapiens, developed in Africa more than 300,000 years ago. Early humans then left Africa between 60,000 to 70,000 years ago.
科学家表示，现代人类或智人是30多万年前在非洲发展起来的。早期人类在6万到7万年前离开了非洲。
Researchers said in a recently released study that these groups of hunter-gatherers appear to have stayed for thousands of years in an area of the Middle East. That area includes modern-day Iran, southeastern Iraq and northeastern Saudi Arabia. The early humans went on to settle all of Asia and Europe starting about 45,000 years ago.
研究人员在最近发表的一项研究中说，这些狩猎采集者群体似乎在中东地区生活了数千年。该地区包括今天的伊朗、伊拉克东南部和沙特阿拉伯东北部。早期人类在大约4.5万年前开始在亚洲和欧洲定居。
The scientists based their findings on genomic data taken from ancient DNA and from the genes of modern people. Scientists combined that data with paleoecological evidence. That is ancient evidence that suggests what the environment in these areas would have been like long ago.
科学家们的发现是基于从古代DNA和现代人基因中提取的基因组数据。科学家们将这些数据与古生态学证据结合起来。这是古老的证据，表明这些地区很久以前的环境是什么样的。
The evidence suggested the area in the Middle East would have been good for early humans. The researchers called this area a "hub" for these early people before they continued to more distant places. At the time, they numbered perhaps only in the thousands.
证据表明，中东地区可能对早期人类很好。研究人员称这个地区是这些早期人类在继续前往更远的地方之前的“中心”。当时，他们的数量可能只有几千人。
The study was published in the scientific journal Nature Communications. Michael Petraglia is an anthropologist and a study co-author. He said the study "is a story about us and our history - our goal was to unravel some of the mystery about our evolution and our worldwide dispersal."
这项研究发表在科学杂志《自然通讯》上。Michael Petraglia是一名人类学家，也是这项研究的合著者。他说，这项研究“是一个关于人类和人类历史的故事——我们的目标是揭开人类进化和全球传播的一些谜团。”
"The combination of genetic and paleoecological models allowed us to predict the location where early human populations first" lived as soon as they left Africa, Petraglia added.
佩特拉利亚补充说:“遗传和古生态模型的结合使我们能够预测早期人类离开非洲后第一次生活的地点。”
These people lived in small groups of hunter-gatherers, the researchers said. The hub location offered several environmental settings, from forests to grasslands, changing over time between dry and wet periods.
研究人员说，这些人生活在小规模的狩猎采集者群体中。中心的位置提供了几个环境设置，从森林到草原，随着时间的变化，在干燥和潮湿的时期之间变化。
There would have been many resources available, with evidence showing the hunting of wild gazelle, sheep and goat, Petraglia said.
佩特拉利亚说，有证据表明，当时有很多可利用的资源，比如狩猎野生瞪羚、绵羊和山羊。
They would have eaten "plants and small- to large-sized game. Hunter-gatherer groups seemed to have practiced a seasonal lifestyle, living in the lowlands in the cooler months and in the mountainous regions in the warmer months," Petraglia said.
它们会吃“植物和大小不等的猎物”。狩猎采集者群体似乎实行了一种季节性的生活方式，在寒冷的月份住在低地，在温暖的月份住在山区，”Petraglia说。
The people living in the hub at the time had dark skin and dark hair. Many might have looked like the Gumuz or Anuak people now living in parts of East Africa, said Luca Pagani, one of the study's writers.
当时住在中心的人都是深色皮肤和深色头发。该研究的作者之一卢卡·帕加尼说，许多人可能看起来像现在生活在东非部分地区的古穆兹人或阿努克人。
Later, they dispersed in different directions beyond the hub and the genetic differences developed between present-day East Asians and Europeans, the researchers said.
研究人员说，后来，他们分散到中心以外的不同方向，在今天的东亚人和欧洲人之间形成了遗传差异。
The study used modern and ancient genomic data for European and Asian people. The researchers found a way to disentangle the extensive genetic mixing of populations that has taken place since then.
这项研究使用了欧洲人和亚洲人的现代和古代基因组数据。研究人员找到了一种方法来解开从那时起发生的广泛的种群遗传混合。
There were earlier smaller dispersals of Homo sapiens out of Africa before the most important migration 60,000 to 70,000 years ago. But the study said these appear to have been dead ends, meaning they produced nothing.
在6万到7万年前最重要的一次迁徙之前，智人曾有过更早的小规模迁徙。但该研究称，这些似乎是死胡同，也就是说它们没有产生任何结果。
Homo sapiens was not the first human species to live outside of Africa - including the area surrounding the hub. Ancient intermixing by modern humans has left small traces of Neanderthal in the DNA of modern non-Africans.
智人并不是第一个生活在非洲以外的人类物种——包括中心周围地区。古代人与现代人的杂交在现代非非洲人的DNA中留下了少量尼安德特人的痕迹。
The lead writer of the study, Leonardo Vallini, said there is evidence Neanderthals lived in the area "before the arrival of Homo sapiens, so the hub may well have been where that interaction took place."
该研究的主要作者莱昂纳多·瓦利尼说，有证据表明，“在智人到来之前，尼安德特人就生活在这个地区，所以这个中心很可能就是发生这种互动的地方。”
Homo sapiens is the scientific name for today's humans. It means "wise man."
智人是当今人类的学名。它的意思是“聪明人”。
