双语新闻：美国卫生官员警告，可能导致脑膜炎的罕见细菌性疾病正在增加
United States health officials are warning of an increase in rare bacterial illnesses that can lead to meningitis. It is a serious and often deadly disease in which an outside barrier of the brain or related tissues becomes infected and swollen.
美国卫生官员警告说，可能导致脑膜炎的罕见细菌性疾病正在增加。这是一种严重且经常致命的疾病，大脑或相关组织的外部屏障被感染并肿胀。
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a warning on March 28 about the increase in one kind of invasive "meningococcal disease" called serogroup Y.
美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）于3月28日就一种名为Y血清群的侵袭性“脑膜炎球菌病”的增加发出警告。
Last year, 422 cases of it were reported in the U.S. — the most in a year since 2014. So far this year, 143 cases have been reported. That means infections are on their way to go above 2023 numbers, the CDC said.
去年，美国报告了422例此类病例，这是自2014年以来最多的一年。今年到目前为止，已经报告了143例病例。美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，这意味着感染人数将超过2023人。
Most of the cases last year did not involve meningitis, though at least 17 died. The cases were more common in adults ages 30 to 60, in Black people and those who have HIV, the CDC said.
去年的大多数病例与脑膜炎无关，但至少有17人死亡。美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，这些病例在30至60岁的成年人、黑人和艾滋病毒感染者中更为常见。
HIV is a virus that can lead to AIDS, a serious disease that can destroy the body's natural defense system.
艾滋病毒是一种会导致艾滋病的病毒，这是一种严重的疾病，会破坏人体的自然防御系统。
The infection caused by meningococcal disease can lead to symptoms that may include high body temperature, head and upper body pain, nausea, and throwing up.
脑膜炎球菌病引起的感染可导致症状，包括体温过高、头部和上身疼痛、恶心和呕吐。
The bacteria can also cause an infection in the blood system. That infection could bring cold, tiredness, cold hands and feet, quick breathing, diarrhea, or discoloration of the skin.
这种细菌也会导致血液系统感染。这种感染可能会导致感冒、疲劳、手脚冰冷、呼吸急促、腹泻或皮肤变色。
The infection can be treated with medications like antibiotics. But treatment must be quick to be successful. An estimated 10 to 15 percent of infected people die. And survivors sometimes lose the ability to hear or body parts must be surgically removed.
感染可以用抗生素等药物治疗。但治疗必须迅速才能成功。据估计，10%至15%的感染者死亡。幸存者有时会失去听觉，或者身体部位必须通过手术切除。
There also are vaccines against meningococcal disease.
还有针对脑膜炎球菌病的疫苗。
Officials suggest that all children should get a "meningococcal conjugate vaccine" around the age of 11. Since vaccine protection weakens over time, the CDC also suggests a second shot at age 16.
官员们建议，所有儿童都应该在11岁左右接种“脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗”。由于疫苗的保护作用会随着时间的推移而减弱，美国疾病控制与预防中心还建议在16岁时接种第二针。
The CDC also suggests the shots for people at higher risk. Higher-risk individuals might include those who live where an outbreak is taking place or those with HIV infection or other kinds of health conditions.
美国疾病控制与预防中心还建议高危人群接种疫苗。高危人群可能包括那些生活在疫情爆发地的人，或者那些感染了艾滋病毒或其他健康状况的人。
美国卫生官员警告说，可能导致脑膜炎的罕见细菌性疾病正在增加。这是一种严重且经常致命的疾病，大脑或相关组织的外部屏障被感染并肿胀。
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a warning on March 28 about the increase in one kind of invasive "meningococcal disease" called serogroup Y.
美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）于3月28日就一种名为Y血清群的侵袭性“脑膜炎球菌病”的增加发出警告。
Last year, 422 cases of it were reported in the U.S. — the most in a year since 2014. So far this year, 143 cases have been reported. That means infections are on their way to go above 2023 numbers, the CDC said.
去年，美国报告了422例此类病例，这是自2014年以来最多的一年。今年到目前为止，已经报告了143例病例。美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，这意味着感染人数将超过2023人。
Most of the cases last year did not involve meningitis, though at least 17 died. The cases were more common in adults ages 30 to 60, in Black people and those who have HIV, the CDC said.
去年的大多数病例与脑膜炎无关，但至少有17人死亡。美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，这些病例在30至60岁的成年人、黑人和艾滋病毒感染者中更为常见。
HIV is a virus that can lead to AIDS, a serious disease that can destroy the body's natural defense system.
艾滋病毒是一种会导致艾滋病的病毒，这是一种严重的疾病，会破坏人体的自然防御系统。
The infection caused by meningococcal disease can lead to symptoms that may include high body temperature, head and upper body pain, nausea, and throwing up.
脑膜炎球菌病引起的感染可导致症状，包括体温过高、头部和上身疼痛、恶心和呕吐。
The bacteria can also cause an infection in the blood system. That infection could bring cold, tiredness, cold hands and feet, quick breathing, diarrhea, or discoloration of the skin.
这种细菌也会导致血液系统感染。这种感染可能会导致感冒、疲劳、手脚冰冷、呼吸急促、腹泻或皮肤变色。
The infection can be treated with medications like antibiotics. But treatment must be quick to be successful. An estimated 10 to 15 percent of infected people die. And survivors sometimes lose the ability to hear or body parts must be surgically removed.
感染可以用抗生素等药物治疗。但治疗必须迅速才能成功。据估计，10%至15%的感染者死亡。幸存者有时会失去听觉，或者身体部位必须通过手术切除。
There also are vaccines against meningococcal disease.
还有针对脑膜炎球菌病的疫苗。
Officials suggest that all children should get a "meningococcal conjugate vaccine" around the age of 11. Since vaccine protection weakens over time, the CDC also suggests a second shot at age 16.
官员们建议，所有儿童都应该在11岁左右接种“脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗”。由于疫苗的保护作用会随着时间的推移而减弱，美国疾病控制与预防中心还建议在16岁时接种第二针。
The CDC also suggests the shots for people at higher risk. Higher-risk individuals might include those who live where an outbreak is taking place or those with HIV infection or other kinds of health conditions.
美国疾病控制与预防中心还建议高危人群接种疫苗。高危人群可能包括那些生活在疫情爆发地的人，或者那些感染了艾滋病毒或其他健康状况的人。
