双语新闻：政府官员：美国学校空气质量成问题
During the COVID-19 pandemic, public officials brought renewed attention to indoor air quality in schools. Improving ventilation and airflow was considered a way to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and other diseases.
在新冠肺炎大流行期间，政府官员重新关注学校的室内空气质量。改善通风和气流被认为是防止新冠肺炎和其他疾病传播的一种方法。
In January, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) said indoor pollution can be two to five times higher than outdoor levels. The agency said children face higher risk from indoor pollutants like asbestos, mold, radon, and methane. They also face pollution from particulate matter, like vehicle exhaust or wildfire smoke, which can enter classrooms from the outside. The EPA said climate change has made safe indoor air quality more important.
今年1月，美国环境保护局（EPA）表示，室内污染可能是室外水平的两到五倍。该机构表示，儿童面临更高的室内污染物风险，如石棉、霉菌、氡和甲烷。他们还面临着颗粒物的污染，如汽车尾气或野火烟雾，这些颗粒物可以从外面进入教室。环保局表示，气候变化使室内空气质量的安全变得更加重要。
Pollutants can lead to a number of health problems for children if they breathe them for a long period, the EPA said. Health effects might include coughing, breathing diseases, allergic reactions, asthma and cancer.
环保局表示，如果儿童长时间吸入污染物，可能会导致许多健康问题。健康影响可能包括咳嗽、呼吸疾病、过敏反应、哮喘和癌症。
The agency said there are several ways to maintain healthy indoor air quality. These include controlling pollutants, ventilating outdoor air, and maintaining temperature and water in the air, or its humidity.
该机构表示，有几种方法可以保持健康的室内空气质量。这些措施包括控制污染物、通风室外空气、保持空气中的温度和水分或湿度。
A 2022 international study published in the Journal of Building Engineering said thousands of American schools have outdated HVAC systems. HVAC stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. A 2020 study from the U.S. Government Accountability Office said that nine percent of school districts needed to fix "environmental conditions" like mold, lead, or asbestos in at least half their schools.
2022年发表在《建筑工程杂志》上的一项国际研究称，数千所美国学校的暖通空调系统已经过时。HVAC代表供暖、通风和空调。美国政府问责局2020年的一项研究称，9%的学区需要修复至少一半学校的霉菌、铅或石棉等“环境条件”。
Indoor air quality might affect school performance. Some studies say that a healthy school environment lifts attendance, increases test scores and improves learning. A study of 10,000 school districts from the National Bureau of Economic Research found that decreased pollution in schools led to higher test scores.
室内空气质量可能会影响学校的表现。一些研究表明，健康的学校环境可以提高出勤率，提高考试成绩，改善学习。国家经济研究局对10000个学区进行的一项研究发现，学校污染的减少会提高考试成绩。
Many schools have not taken steps to improve ventilation although research suggests it is important. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) had recommended four ways to improve ventilation in schools. They included simple changes like opening windows and using fans to maintain airflow in buildings. Costly recommendations included replacing HVAC systems, using in-room air cleaners, or installing ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) devices.
许多学校没有采取措施改善通风，尽管研究表明这很重要。在新冠肺炎大流行期间，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）建议了四种改善学校通风的方法。其中包括一些简单的改变，比如打开窗户和使用风扇来保持建筑物内的气流。昂贵的建议包括更换暖通空调系统、使用室内空气净化器或安装紫外线杀菌辐射（UVGI）设备。
Scientists and public health leaders pushed school districts to use federal pandemic emergency money for ventilation systems. But a 2022 CDC study of over 8,000 school districts found that about half had taken any of the four recommendations. That few districts had taken steps to improve air quality shows "the ongoing opportunity to improve indoor air quality among K–12 school buildings in the United States," the authors of the study wrote. The aid money expires this fall.
科学家和公共卫生领导人敦促学区将联邦疫情应急资金用于通风系统。但美国疾病控制与预防中心2022年对8000多个学区进行的一项研究发现，大约一半的学区采纳了这四项建议中的任何一项。该研究的作者写道，很少有地区采取措施改善空气质量，这表明“美国K-12学校建筑中改善室内空气质量的持续机会”。援助资金将于今年秋天到期。
In January, the EPA announced $32 million in grant funding to reduce air pollution and greenhouse gases at schools in poor communities. Non-profit organizations and state governments could apply for the grants, which are expected to be awarded this fall. The EPA said the program was part of a set of policies from President Joe Biden's administration. The money came from the Inflation Reduction Act passed by Congress in 2022.
今年1月，环保局宣布拨款3200万美元，用于减少贫困社区学校的空气污染和温室气体排放。非营利组织和州政府可以申请这笔赠款，预计将于今年秋天发放。环保局表示，该项目是乔·拜登总统政府一系列政策的一部分。这笔钱来自国会2022年通过的《通胀削减法案》。
In the announcement, EPA Deputy Administrator Janet McCabe said: "EPA is working with our partners to...improve air quality and energy efficiency."
环保局副局长Janet McCabe在公告中表示：“环保局正在与我们的合作伙伴合作……改善空气质量和能源效率。”
在新冠肺炎大流行期间，政府官员重新关注学校的室内空气质量。改善通风和气流被认为是防止新冠肺炎和其他疾病传播的一种方法。
In January, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) said indoor pollution can be two to five times higher than outdoor levels. The agency said children face higher risk from indoor pollutants like asbestos, mold, radon, and methane. They also face pollution from particulate matter, like vehicle exhaust or wildfire smoke, which can enter classrooms from the outside. The EPA said climate change has made safe indoor air quality more important.
今年1月，美国环境保护局（EPA）表示，室内污染可能是室外水平的两到五倍。该机构表示，儿童面临更高的室内污染物风险，如石棉、霉菌、氡和甲烷。他们还面临着颗粒物的污染，如汽车尾气或野火烟雾，这些颗粒物可以从外面进入教室。环保局表示，气候变化使室内空气质量的安全变得更加重要。
Pollutants can lead to a number of health problems for children if they breathe them for a long period, the EPA said. Health effects might include coughing, breathing diseases, allergic reactions, asthma and cancer.
环保局表示，如果儿童长时间吸入污染物，可能会导致许多健康问题。健康影响可能包括咳嗽、呼吸疾病、过敏反应、哮喘和癌症。
The agency said there are several ways to maintain healthy indoor air quality. These include controlling pollutants, ventilating outdoor air, and maintaining temperature and water in the air, or its humidity.
该机构表示，有几种方法可以保持健康的室内空气质量。这些措施包括控制污染物、通风室外空气、保持空气中的温度和水分或湿度。
A 2022 international study published in the Journal of Building Engineering said thousands of American schools have outdated HVAC systems. HVAC stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. A 2020 study from the U.S. Government Accountability Office said that nine percent of school districts needed to fix "environmental conditions" like mold, lead, or asbestos in at least half their schools.
2022年发表在《建筑工程杂志》上的一项国际研究称，数千所美国学校的暖通空调系统已经过时。HVAC代表供暖、通风和空调。美国政府问责局2020年的一项研究称，9%的学区需要修复至少一半学校的霉菌、铅或石棉等“环境条件”。
Indoor air quality might affect school performance. Some studies say that a healthy school environment lifts attendance, increases test scores and improves learning. A study of 10,000 school districts from the National Bureau of Economic Research found that decreased pollution in schools led to higher test scores.
室内空气质量可能会影响学校的表现。一些研究表明，健康的学校环境可以提高出勤率，提高考试成绩，改善学习。国家经济研究局对10000个学区进行的一项研究发现，学校污染的减少会提高考试成绩。
Many schools have not taken steps to improve ventilation although research suggests it is important. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) had recommended four ways to improve ventilation in schools. They included simple changes like opening windows and using fans to maintain airflow in buildings. Costly recommendations included replacing HVAC systems, using in-room air cleaners, or installing ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) devices.
许多学校没有采取措施改善通风，尽管研究表明这很重要。在新冠肺炎大流行期间，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）建议了四种改善学校通风的方法。其中包括一些简单的改变，比如打开窗户和使用风扇来保持建筑物内的气流。昂贵的建议包括更换暖通空调系统、使用室内空气净化器或安装紫外线杀菌辐射（UVGI）设备。
Scientists and public health leaders pushed school districts to use federal pandemic emergency money for ventilation systems. But a 2022 CDC study of over 8,000 school districts found that about half had taken any of the four recommendations. That few districts had taken steps to improve air quality shows "the ongoing opportunity to improve indoor air quality among K–12 school buildings in the United States," the authors of the study wrote. The aid money expires this fall.
科学家和公共卫生领导人敦促学区将联邦疫情应急资金用于通风系统。但美国疾病控制与预防中心2022年对8000多个学区进行的一项研究发现，大约一半的学区采纳了这四项建议中的任何一项。该研究的作者写道，很少有地区采取措施改善空气质量，这表明“美国K-12学校建筑中改善室内空气质量的持续机会”。援助资金将于今年秋天到期。
In January, the EPA announced $32 million in grant funding to reduce air pollution and greenhouse gases at schools in poor communities. Non-profit organizations and state governments could apply for the grants, which are expected to be awarded this fall. The EPA said the program was part of a set of policies from President Joe Biden's administration. The money came from the Inflation Reduction Act passed by Congress in 2022.
今年1月，环保局宣布拨款3200万美元，用于减少贫困社区学校的空气污染和温室气体排放。非营利组织和州政府可以申请这笔赠款，预计将于今年秋天发放。环保局表示，该项目是乔·拜登总统政府一系列政策的一部分。这笔钱来自国会2022年通过的《通胀削减法案》。
In the announcement, EPA Deputy Administrator Janet McCabe said: "EPA is working with our partners to...improve air quality and energy efficiency."
环保局副局长Janet McCabe在公告中表示：“环保局正在与我们的合作伙伴合作……改善空气质量和能源效率。”
