双语新闻：科技公司希望打造通用人工智能
In the middle of the 20th century, computer scientists dreamed of building a computer as smart as humans. Now, tech companies are in a race to build it.
在20世纪中叶，计算机科学家梦想着制造一台像人类一样智能的计算机。现在，科技公司正在竞相打造它。
Called artificial general intelligence, or AGI, the systems would do much more than current AI technology. AGI would be as good as humans in many areas of human thinking. These include planning, problem solving, and learning from experience.
被称为通用人工智能（AGI）的系统将比当前的人工智能技术做得更多。AGI在人类思维的许多领域都和人类一样好。其中包括计划、解决问题和从经验中学习。
Google, Meta, Microsoft, Amazon and Chat-GPT maker OpenAI are all working to develop AGI.
谷歌、Meta、微软、亚马逊和聊天GPT制造商OpenAI都在努力开发AGI。
At the same time, governments and leading AI scientists worry about ways the technology could be dangerous for humanity.
与此同时，政府和领先的人工智能科学家担心这项技术可能对人类构成危险。
AGI development
AGI开发
As artificial intelligence has developed, the meaning of AGI has changed over time.
随着人工智能的发展，AGI的含义也随着时间的推移而发生了变化。
Geoffrey Hinton is a scientist who helped create the first AI systems. He told The Associated Press that 20 years ago, people would have agreed that a system like Chat-GPT had general intelligence. But now people think AGI should be able to do more than what Chat-GPT does.
杰弗里·辛顿是一位科学家，他帮助创建了第一个人工智能系统。他告诉美联社，20年前，人们会同意像Chat GPT这样的系统具有通用智能。但现在人们认为AGI应该能够做比Chat GPT更多的事情。
Still, scientists have not yet agreed on a clear definition of AGI. "I don't think there is agreement on what the term means," Hinton said by email.
尽管如此，科学家们还没有就AGI的明确定义达成一致。辛顿在电子邮件中说：“我认为人们对这个词的含义没有达成一致。”
Most current artificial intelligence systems are generative AI. That means they produce things such as texts or images. While generative AI is mainly limited to such tasks, AGI could do many different kinds of work.
目前大多数人工智能系统都是生成型人工智能。这意味着它们会产生文本或图像等东西。虽然生成人工智能主要局限于此类任务，但AGI可以做许多不同类型的工作。
Pei Wang is a professor who teaches an AGI course at Temple University in the American state of Pennsylvania. He helped organize the first AGI conference in 2008. He said that adding the letter ‘G' to AI sent an important message. It showed that computer scientists "still want to do the big thing. We don't want to build tools. We want to build a thinking machine," Wang said.
王教授在美国宾夕法尼亚州的天普大学教授AGI课程。他在2008年帮助组织了第一次AGI会议。他说，给人工智能添加字母“G”发出了一个重要信息。王说，这表明计算机科学家“仍然想做大事。我们不想制造工具。我们想制造一台思维机器。”
Finding agreement on how to measure AGI is one of the issues that will be discussed next month at an AGI conference in Vienna, Austria.
就如何衡量AGI达成一致是下个月将在奥地利维也纳举行的AGI会议上讨论的问题之一。
"This really needs a community's effort and attention so that mutually we can agree on some sort of classifications of AGI," said Jiaxuan You. He is an assistant professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.
尤佳轩说：“这确实需要一个社区的努力和关注，这样我们才能就AGI的某种分类达成一致。”他是伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校的助理教授。
OpenAI, based in the state of California, says its nonprofit board of directors will decide when its systems have reached AGI. OpenAI defines AGI as a system that can "outperform humans at most economically valuable work."
总部位于加利福尼亚州的OpenAI表示，其非营利董事会将决定其系统何时达到AGI。OpenAI将AGI定义为一种“在最具经济价值的工作中胜过人类”的系统。
If OpenAI develops AGI, its partner Microsoft will not have the rights to make money from it. In 2020, Microsoft signed an agreement with OpenAI that gave Microsoft the rights to OpenAI's AI models. However, that agreement is supposed to end once OpenAI has created AGI.
如果OpenAI开发AGI，其合作伙伴微软将无权从中赚钱。2020年，微软与OpenAI签署了一项协议，赋予微软使用OpenAI人工智能模型的权利。然而，一旦OpenAI创建了AGI，该协议就应该终止。
Is AGI dangerous?
AGI危险吗？
Last year the 76-year-old Hinton quit his job at Google. He wanted to share his worries about the possible dangers of AI.
去年，76岁的辛顿辞去了在谷歌的工作。他想分享他对人工智能可能带来的危险的担忧。
A recent study in the journal Science also warned of AI systems able to plan for the future.
《科学》杂志最近的一项研究也警告说，人工智能系统能够规划未来。
Michael Cohen is a researcher at the University of California, Berkeley, and lead writer of the study. He said he worries that an AGI system might create plans to make humans disappear.
迈克尔·科恩是加州大学伯克利分校的研究员，也是这项研究的主要作者。他说，他担心AGI系统可能会制定让人类消失的计划。
"I hope we've made the case that people in government (need) to start thinking seriously about exactly what regulations we need to address this problem," Cohen said.
科恩说：“我希望我们已经证明，政府中的人们（需要）开始认真思考我们需要什么样的法规来解决这个问题。”
Push to develop AGI
推动开发AGI
Some people in the tech industry want to develop AGI slowly and carefully. Still, companies are competing to develop the systems.
科技行业的一些人希望缓慢而谨慎地开发AGI。尽管如此，各家公司仍在竞相开发这些系统。
London-based Deep Mind was founded in 2010 with the goal of developing AGI. It is now owned by Google. OpenAI was founded in 2015 to develop AGI, but with the added goal of making the technology safe.
总部位于伦敦的Deep Mind成立于2010年，目标是开发AGI。它现在归谷歌所有。OpenAI成立于2015年，旨在开发AGI，但增加了使技术安全的目标。
In January, Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg said his company's long-term goal was to build "full general intelligence".
今年1月，Meta首席执行官马克·扎克伯格表示，他的公司的长期目标是建立“全面的通用智能”。
At Amazon, the head scientist for the voice assistant Alexa changed job titles to become head scientist for AGI.
在亚马逊，语音助理Alexa的首席科学家更改了职位，成为AGI的首席科学家。
You, the University of Illinois researcher, said working on AGI may help tech companies find the most talented computer scientists. He said many researchers would choose to work on AGI instead of generative AI.
伊利诺伊大学的研究人员You说，研究AGI可能有助于科技公司找到最有才华的计算机科学家。他说，许多研究人员会选择研究AGI，而不是生成人工智能。
在20世纪中叶，计算机科学家梦想着制造一台像人类一样智能的计算机。现在，科技公司正在竞相打造它。
Called artificial general intelligence, or AGI, the systems would do much more than current AI technology. AGI would be as good as humans in many areas of human thinking. These include planning, problem solving, and learning from experience.
被称为通用人工智能（AGI）的系统将比当前的人工智能技术做得更多。AGI在人类思维的许多领域都和人类一样好。其中包括计划、解决问题和从经验中学习。
Google, Meta, Microsoft, Amazon and Chat-GPT maker OpenAI are all working to develop AGI.
谷歌、Meta、微软、亚马逊和聊天GPT制造商OpenAI都在努力开发AGI。
At the same time, governments and leading AI scientists worry about ways the technology could be dangerous for humanity.
与此同时，政府和领先的人工智能科学家担心这项技术可能对人类构成危险。
AGI development
AGI开发
As artificial intelligence has developed, the meaning of AGI has changed over time.
随着人工智能的发展，AGI的含义也随着时间的推移而发生了变化。
Geoffrey Hinton is a scientist who helped create the first AI systems. He told The Associated Press that 20 years ago, people would have agreed that a system like Chat-GPT had general intelligence. But now people think AGI should be able to do more than what Chat-GPT does.
杰弗里·辛顿是一位科学家，他帮助创建了第一个人工智能系统。他告诉美联社，20年前，人们会同意像Chat GPT这样的系统具有通用智能。但现在人们认为AGI应该能够做比Chat GPT更多的事情。
Still, scientists have not yet agreed on a clear definition of AGI. "I don't think there is agreement on what the term means," Hinton said by email.
尽管如此，科学家们还没有就AGI的明确定义达成一致。辛顿在电子邮件中说：“我认为人们对这个词的含义没有达成一致。”
Most current artificial intelligence systems are generative AI. That means they produce things such as texts or images. While generative AI is mainly limited to such tasks, AGI could do many different kinds of work.
目前大多数人工智能系统都是生成型人工智能。这意味着它们会产生文本或图像等东西。虽然生成人工智能主要局限于此类任务，但AGI可以做许多不同类型的工作。
Pei Wang is a professor who teaches an AGI course at Temple University in the American state of Pennsylvania. He helped organize the first AGI conference in 2008. He said that adding the letter ‘G' to AI sent an important message. It showed that computer scientists "still want to do the big thing. We don't want to build tools. We want to build a thinking machine," Wang said.
王教授在美国宾夕法尼亚州的天普大学教授AGI课程。他在2008年帮助组织了第一次AGI会议。他说，给人工智能添加字母“G”发出了一个重要信息。王说，这表明计算机科学家“仍然想做大事。我们不想制造工具。我们想制造一台思维机器。”
Finding agreement on how to measure AGI is one of the issues that will be discussed next month at an AGI conference in Vienna, Austria.
就如何衡量AGI达成一致是下个月将在奥地利维也纳举行的AGI会议上讨论的问题之一。
"This really needs a community's effort and attention so that mutually we can agree on some sort of classifications of AGI," said Jiaxuan You. He is an assistant professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.
尤佳轩说：“这确实需要一个社区的努力和关注，这样我们才能就AGI的某种分类达成一致。”他是伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校的助理教授。
OpenAI, based in the state of California, says its nonprofit board of directors will decide when its systems have reached AGI. OpenAI defines AGI as a system that can "outperform humans at most economically valuable work."
总部位于加利福尼亚州的OpenAI表示，其非营利董事会将决定其系统何时达到AGI。OpenAI将AGI定义为一种“在最具经济价值的工作中胜过人类”的系统。
If OpenAI develops AGI, its partner Microsoft will not have the rights to make money from it. In 2020, Microsoft signed an agreement with OpenAI that gave Microsoft the rights to OpenAI's AI models. However, that agreement is supposed to end once OpenAI has created AGI.
如果OpenAI开发AGI，其合作伙伴微软将无权从中赚钱。2020年，微软与OpenAI签署了一项协议，赋予微软使用OpenAI人工智能模型的权利。然而，一旦OpenAI创建了AGI，该协议就应该终止。
Is AGI dangerous?
AGI危险吗？
Last year the 76-year-old Hinton quit his job at Google. He wanted to share his worries about the possible dangers of AI.
去年，76岁的辛顿辞去了在谷歌的工作。他想分享他对人工智能可能带来的危险的担忧。
A recent study in the journal Science also warned of AI systems able to plan for the future.
《科学》杂志最近的一项研究也警告说，人工智能系统能够规划未来。
Michael Cohen is a researcher at the University of California, Berkeley, and lead writer of the study. He said he worries that an AGI system might create plans to make humans disappear.
迈克尔·科恩是加州大学伯克利分校的研究员，也是这项研究的主要作者。他说，他担心AGI系统可能会制定让人类消失的计划。
"I hope we've made the case that people in government (need) to start thinking seriously about exactly what regulations we need to address this problem," Cohen said.
科恩说：“我希望我们已经证明，政府中的人们（需要）开始认真思考我们需要什么样的法规来解决这个问题。”
Push to develop AGI
推动开发AGI
Some people in the tech industry want to develop AGI slowly and carefully. Still, companies are competing to develop the systems.
科技行业的一些人希望缓慢而谨慎地开发AGI。尽管如此，各家公司仍在竞相开发这些系统。
London-based Deep Mind was founded in 2010 with the goal of developing AGI. It is now owned by Google. OpenAI was founded in 2015 to develop AGI, but with the added goal of making the technology safe.
总部位于伦敦的Deep Mind成立于2010年，目标是开发AGI。它现在归谷歌所有。OpenAI成立于2015年，旨在开发AGI，但增加了使技术安全的目标。
In January, Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg said his company's long-term goal was to build "full general intelligence".
今年1月，Meta首席执行官马克·扎克伯格表示，他的公司的长期目标是建立“全面的通用智能”。
At Amazon, the head scientist for the voice assistant Alexa changed job titles to become head scientist for AGI.
在亚马逊，语音助理Alexa的首席科学家更改了职位，成为AGI的首席科学家。
You, the University of Illinois researcher, said working on AGI may help tech companies find the most talented computer scientists. He said many researchers would choose to work on AGI instead of generative AI.
伊利诺伊大学的研究人员You说，研究AGI可能有助于科技公司找到最有才华的计算机科学家。他说，许多研究人员会选择研究AGI，而不是生成人工智能。
