双语新闻：巴西原住民反对国家石油钻探计划
Brazil's state-run oil company, Petrobras, wants to look for oil near the nation's northeastern coast.
巴西国有石油公司巴西国家石油公司希望在该国东北海岸附近寻找石油。
Ibama is Brazil's environmental agency. The agency denied Petrobras' first proposal to do exploratory drilling last year over environmental worries. The indigenous people who live in the area also objected. But some political leaders, including President Luis Inácio Lula da Silva, seem to support the oil company's appeal.
Ibama是巴西的环境机构。去年，出于对环境的担忧，该机构拒绝了巴西国家石油公司进行勘探钻探的首次提议。居住在该地区的土著居民也表示反对。但是一些政治领导人，包括总统路易斯Inácio卢拉达席尔瓦，似乎支持石油公司的呼吁。
Last September, the president said the company should be able to "research" the oil possibilities in the area. He said it was a national interest. Energy minister Alexandre Silveira recently said Brazil should "know the potential" of what exists along the northeastern coast.
去年9月，奥巴马总统表示，该公司应该能够“研究”该地区的石油可能性。他说这事关国家利益。能源部长亚历山大·西尔维拉最近表示，巴西应该“了解”东北沿海地区存在的资源的“潜力”。
The support has energized Petrobras' leader Jean Paul Prates. Prates talked about the area, known as the Equatorial Margin, as "perhaps the last frontier of oil for Brazil."
这种支持鼓舞了巴西国家石油公司的领导人Jean Paul Prates。普拉茨谈到这个被称为赤道边缘的地区，“可能是巴西最后的石油边界”。
The company wants to start looking for oil in the area called Foz do Amazonas. It has that name because it is in the area of the mouth of the Amazon River. The area is thought to be similar to places off the coast of the South American country of Guyana, which is being explored by the Exxon oil company.
该公司希望开始在亚马逊地区寻找石油。它之所以有这个名字，是因为它位于亚马逊河口地区。该地区被认为与埃克森石油公司正在勘探的南美国家圭亚那海岸附近的地方相似。
The head of Ibama is Rodrigo Agostinho. He said the agency would make a decision about giving Petrobras a license to explore the area early this year, but the decision has been delayed.
奥巴马的负责人是罗德里戈·阿戈斯蒂尼奥。他说，该机构将在今年年初决定是否给予巴西石油公司勘探该地区的许可证，但该决定已被推迟。
Reporting by Reuters news agency describes a growing indigenous campaign against Petrobras's appeal.
路透社的报道描述了越来越多的土著反对巴西石油公司上诉的运动。
Funai is Brazil's agency for indigenous protection. Last December, the group asked Ibama to carry out studies on the effects of drilling in Foz do Amazonas. The studies must happen before Ibama can give a license to Petrobras.
Funai是巴西土著保护机构。去年12月，该组织要求奥巴马对在亚马逊河流域进行钻探的影响进行研究。这些研究必须在奥巴马向巴西石油公司发放许可证之前进行。
In addition, an indigenous group called the CCPIO representing 60 villages in the area asked Brazilian federal government lawyers to look into the potential drilling license. They said their rights were being violated.
此外，代表该地区60个村庄的土著团体CCPIO要求巴西联邦政府律师调查潜在的钻探许可证。他们说他们的权利受到了侵犯。
In 2022, the government lawyers, or prosecutors, slowed down the process. They said Ibama needed to consult the local communities. Documents seen by Reuters show the CCPIO asked the prosecutors to oversee 13-months of talks starting last December.
2022年，政府律师或检察官放慢了这一进程。他们说，奥巴马需要征求当地社区的意见。路透社看到的文件显示，CCPIO要求检察官监督从去年12月开始的为期13个月的谈判。
If the process continues without a change, the soonest Brazil could permit Petrobras to drill would be 2025. However, the country will be hosting the COP30 climate meeting, and it is unlikely Brazil would want to announce a new drilling plan at the same time.
如果这一进程继续下去，巴西允许巴西国家石油公司钻探的最快时间将是2025年。然而，该国将主办COP30气候会议，巴西不太可能在同一时间宣布新的钻探计划。
Petrobras said a decision needs to be made and the time for talks with indigenous people has passed. The oil company said the consultations should have happened at the beginning of the process. However, CCPIO and federal lawyers said a consultation must happen before drilling is permitted.
巴西国家石油公司表示，需要做出决定，与土著人民谈判的时间已经过去。这家石油公司表示，磋商应该在这个过程的一开始就进行。然而，CCPIO和联邦律师表示，在允许钻探之前必须进行咨询。
Balancing promises
平衡的承诺
Da Silva's government promised to protect the Amazon area and indigenous groups. However, the president also knows the value of oil development. Reuters says he is trying to balance both sides.
达席尔瓦政府承诺保护亚马逊地区和土著群体。然而，总统也知道石油开发的价值。路透社表示，他正在努力平衡双方。
Silveira, the energy minister, said a single successful drilling area could produce 5.6 billion barrels of oil. The discovery would be Brazil's biggest in more than 10 years.
能源部长西尔维拉说，一个成功的钻探区域可以生产56亿桶石油。这将是巴西10多年来最大的发现。
Petrobras argues that a drilling area 175 kilometers off the coast will not affect the indigenous people of northern Brazil. But activists say drilling could hurt the water environment and limit the native peoples' ability to fish and make a living.
巴西国家石油公司辩称，距海岸175公里的钻探区域不会影响巴西北部的土著居民。但活动人士表示，钻探可能会损害水环境，限制当地居民捕鱼和谋生的能力。
The CCPIO noted that it is not opposed to the search for oil, but it wants to be consulted before the exploration begins. Brazil signed an international agreement that says governments must talk with native groups before starting a project that might change their lifestyles.
CCPIO指出，它并不反对勘探石油，但它希望在勘探开始之前得到咨询。巴西签署了一项国际协议，该协议规定，政府在启动可能改变当地居民生活方式的项目之前，必须与当地居民进行磋商。
Changes ahead
改变未来
The news of a possible oil project starting next year has gotten the attention of migrant workers. A lawmaker in Amapá state, Inacio Monteiro, said workers are arriving in the town of Oiapoque looking for jobs in the oil industry although there are no jobs yet.
明年可能启动石油项目的消息引起了外来务工人员的注意。阿马帕州议员伊纳西奥·蒙泰罗说，工人们来到奥亚波克镇寻找石油行业的工作，尽管那里还没有工作。
Monteiro said he talks with indigenous leaders all the time about the good oil could bring, including better social programs, more infrastructure like roads and bridges, new jobs and money from taxes.
蒙泰罗说，他一直与土著领导人谈论石油可能带来的好处，包括更好的社会项目，更多的基础设施，如道路和桥梁，新的就业机会和税收。
However, local people like 25-year-old Luene Karipuna are concerned. She told a group at the COP28 climate meeting in Dubai that politicians and Petrobras are trying to silence her people. She said her people are worried that an oil spill could bring in polluted water.
然而，像25岁的Luene Karipuna这样的当地人很担心。她在迪拜举行的COP28气候会议上告诉一群人，政客和巴西石油公司正试图让她的人民沉默。她说，她的人民担心石油泄漏会带来受污染的水。
Indigenous leaders also worry that the support for protecting their land and waters is disappearing. They point to a 2023 hearing that Monteiro called just days after the first denial of Petrobras' license. Top leaders in Amapá state came together in Oiapoque to push again for the license. There were reports that a man wearing a white shirt and a traditional indigenous head covering said the native people supported drilling. However, CCPIO leaders said the man did not speak for them.
土著领导人也担心保护他们土地和水域的支持正在消失。他们指出，在巴西石油公司的许可证首次被拒绝几天后，蒙泰罗召开了2023年的听证会。阿马帕州的高层领导人聚集在奥亚波克，再次推动颁发许可证。有报道称，一名身穿白衬衫、头戴传统土著头巾的男子说，土著人民支持钻探。然而，CCPIO的领导们表示，这名男子并不能代表他们。
CCPIO's coordinator, Cacique Edmilson Oliveira, said: "This is very concerning. That's why we are saying that we already feel threatened." He said Petrobras misreports the statements of Indigenous leaders. "We never sat down and reached an agreement for approval," he added.
CCPIO的协调员Cacique Edmilson Oliveira说:“这非常令人担忧。这就是为什么我们说我们已经感到了威胁。”他说，巴西国家石油公司错误报道了土著领导人的声明。“我们从未坐下来达成协议，等待批准，”他补充说。
巴西国有石油公司巴西国家石油公司希望在该国东北海岸附近寻找石油。
Ibama is Brazil's environmental agency. The agency denied Petrobras' first proposal to do exploratory drilling last year over environmental worries. The indigenous people who live in the area also objected. But some political leaders, including President Luis Inácio Lula da Silva, seem to support the oil company's appeal.
Ibama是巴西的环境机构。去年，出于对环境的担忧，该机构拒绝了巴西国家石油公司进行勘探钻探的首次提议。居住在该地区的土著居民也表示反对。但是一些政治领导人，包括总统路易斯Inácio卢拉达席尔瓦，似乎支持石油公司的呼吁。
Last September, the president said the company should be able to "research" the oil possibilities in the area. He said it was a national interest. Energy minister Alexandre Silveira recently said Brazil should "know the potential" of what exists along the northeastern coast.
去年9月，奥巴马总统表示，该公司应该能够“研究”该地区的石油可能性。他说这事关国家利益。能源部长亚历山大·西尔维拉最近表示，巴西应该“了解”东北沿海地区存在的资源的“潜力”。
The support has energized Petrobras' leader Jean Paul Prates. Prates talked about the area, known as the Equatorial Margin, as "perhaps the last frontier of oil for Brazil."
这种支持鼓舞了巴西国家石油公司的领导人Jean Paul Prates。普拉茨谈到这个被称为赤道边缘的地区，“可能是巴西最后的石油边界”。
The company wants to start looking for oil in the area called Foz do Amazonas. It has that name because it is in the area of the mouth of the Amazon River. The area is thought to be similar to places off the coast of the South American country of Guyana, which is being explored by the Exxon oil company.
该公司希望开始在亚马逊地区寻找石油。它之所以有这个名字，是因为它位于亚马逊河口地区。该地区被认为与埃克森石油公司正在勘探的南美国家圭亚那海岸附近的地方相似。
The head of Ibama is Rodrigo Agostinho. He said the agency would make a decision about giving Petrobras a license to explore the area early this year, but the decision has been delayed.
奥巴马的负责人是罗德里戈·阿戈斯蒂尼奥。他说，该机构将在今年年初决定是否给予巴西石油公司勘探该地区的许可证，但该决定已被推迟。
Reporting by Reuters news agency describes a growing indigenous campaign against Petrobras's appeal.
路透社的报道描述了越来越多的土著反对巴西石油公司上诉的运动。
Funai is Brazil's agency for indigenous protection. Last December, the group asked Ibama to carry out studies on the effects of drilling in Foz do Amazonas. The studies must happen before Ibama can give a license to Petrobras.
Funai是巴西土著保护机构。去年12月，该组织要求奥巴马对在亚马逊河流域进行钻探的影响进行研究。这些研究必须在奥巴马向巴西石油公司发放许可证之前进行。
In addition, an indigenous group called the CCPIO representing 60 villages in the area asked Brazilian federal government lawyers to look into the potential drilling license. They said their rights were being violated.
此外，代表该地区60个村庄的土著团体CCPIO要求巴西联邦政府律师调查潜在的钻探许可证。他们说他们的权利受到了侵犯。
In 2022, the government lawyers, or prosecutors, slowed down the process. They said Ibama needed to consult the local communities. Documents seen by Reuters show the CCPIO asked the prosecutors to oversee 13-months of talks starting last December.
2022年，政府律师或检察官放慢了这一进程。他们说，奥巴马需要征求当地社区的意见。路透社看到的文件显示，CCPIO要求检察官监督从去年12月开始的为期13个月的谈判。
If the process continues without a change, the soonest Brazil could permit Petrobras to drill would be 2025. However, the country will be hosting the COP30 climate meeting, and it is unlikely Brazil would want to announce a new drilling plan at the same time.
如果这一进程继续下去，巴西允许巴西国家石油公司钻探的最快时间将是2025年。然而，该国将主办COP30气候会议，巴西不太可能在同一时间宣布新的钻探计划。
Petrobras said a decision needs to be made and the time for talks with indigenous people has passed. The oil company said the consultations should have happened at the beginning of the process. However, CCPIO and federal lawyers said a consultation must happen before drilling is permitted.
巴西国家石油公司表示，需要做出决定，与土著人民谈判的时间已经过去。这家石油公司表示，磋商应该在这个过程的一开始就进行。然而，CCPIO和联邦律师表示，在允许钻探之前必须进行咨询。
Balancing promises
平衡的承诺
Da Silva's government promised to protect the Amazon area and indigenous groups. However, the president also knows the value of oil development. Reuters says he is trying to balance both sides.
达席尔瓦政府承诺保护亚马逊地区和土著群体。然而，总统也知道石油开发的价值。路透社表示，他正在努力平衡双方。
Silveira, the energy minister, said a single successful drilling area could produce 5.6 billion barrels of oil. The discovery would be Brazil's biggest in more than 10 years.
能源部长西尔维拉说，一个成功的钻探区域可以生产56亿桶石油。这将是巴西10多年来最大的发现。
Petrobras argues that a drilling area 175 kilometers off the coast will not affect the indigenous people of northern Brazil. But activists say drilling could hurt the water environment and limit the native peoples' ability to fish and make a living.
巴西国家石油公司辩称，距海岸175公里的钻探区域不会影响巴西北部的土著居民。但活动人士表示，钻探可能会损害水环境，限制当地居民捕鱼和谋生的能力。
The CCPIO noted that it is not opposed to the search for oil, but it wants to be consulted before the exploration begins. Brazil signed an international agreement that says governments must talk with native groups before starting a project that might change their lifestyles.
CCPIO指出，它并不反对勘探石油，但它希望在勘探开始之前得到咨询。巴西签署了一项国际协议，该协议规定，政府在启动可能改变当地居民生活方式的项目之前，必须与当地居民进行磋商。
Changes ahead
改变未来
The news of a possible oil project starting next year has gotten the attention of migrant workers. A lawmaker in Amapá state, Inacio Monteiro, said workers are arriving in the town of Oiapoque looking for jobs in the oil industry although there are no jobs yet.
明年可能启动石油项目的消息引起了外来务工人员的注意。阿马帕州议员伊纳西奥·蒙泰罗说，工人们来到奥亚波克镇寻找石油行业的工作，尽管那里还没有工作。
Monteiro said he talks with indigenous leaders all the time about the good oil could bring, including better social programs, more infrastructure like roads and bridges, new jobs and money from taxes.
蒙泰罗说，他一直与土著领导人谈论石油可能带来的好处，包括更好的社会项目，更多的基础设施，如道路和桥梁，新的就业机会和税收。
However, local people like 25-year-old Luene Karipuna are concerned. She told a group at the COP28 climate meeting in Dubai that politicians and Petrobras are trying to silence her people. She said her people are worried that an oil spill could bring in polluted water.
然而，像25岁的Luene Karipuna这样的当地人很担心。她在迪拜举行的COP28气候会议上告诉一群人，政客和巴西石油公司正试图让她的人民沉默。她说，她的人民担心石油泄漏会带来受污染的水。
Indigenous leaders also worry that the support for protecting their land and waters is disappearing. They point to a 2023 hearing that Monteiro called just days after the first denial of Petrobras' license. Top leaders in Amapá state came together in Oiapoque to push again for the license. There were reports that a man wearing a white shirt and a traditional indigenous head covering said the native people supported drilling. However, CCPIO leaders said the man did not speak for them.
土著领导人也担心保护他们土地和水域的支持正在消失。他们指出，在巴西石油公司的许可证首次被拒绝几天后，蒙泰罗召开了2023年的听证会。阿马帕州的高层领导人聚集在奥亚波克，再次推动颁发许可证。有报道称，一名身穿白衬衫、头戴传统土著头巾的男子说，土著人民支持钻探。然而，CCPIO的领导们表示，这名男子并不能代表他们。
CCPIO's coordinator, Cacique Edmilson Oliveira, said: "This is very concerning. That's why we are saying that we already feel threatened." He said Petrobras misreports the statements of Indigenous leaders. "We never sat down and reached an agreement for approval," he added.
CCPIO的协调员Cacique Edmilson Oliveira说:“这非常令人担忧。这就是为什么我们说我们已经感到了威胁。”他说，巴西国家石油公司错误报道了土著领导人的声明。“我们从未坐下来达成协议，等待批准，”他补充说。
