2023年01月30日 VOA慢速英语：巴西总统卢拉致力于阻止亚马逊森林砍伐

 
Brazil's New President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva is putting environmental activists in top government positions.
巴西新总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦将环保积极分子置于政府高层职位。
 
For example, Joenia Wapichana is becoming the first indigenous woman to lead the country's Indigenous Affairs office. She will start the job in February when Lula swears her in.
例如，Joenia Wapichana 成为第一位领导该国土著事务办公室的土著妇女。她将在 2 月卢拉宣誓就职时开始这份工作。
 
Lula won the last election over former President Jair Bolsonaro.
卢拉在上次选举中击败前总统博尔索纳罗。
 
But Wapichana is already getting started. On a recent day, the Associated Press reported that she walked through all the agency's rooms shaking a traditional rattle, or noisemaker.
但 Wapichana 已经开始了。最近一天，美联社报道说，她走过该机构的所有房间，摇着传统的拨浪鼓或噪音器。
 
She was asking for help from her ancestors in a cleansing ceremony. As she walked through the offices, indigenous people working there followed her, saying: "Yoohoo, Funai is ours." Funai is the name of the agency, the National Indigenous People Foundation.
她在一场净化仪式上向她的祖先求助。当她穿过办公室时，在那里工作的土著人跟着她说：“哟吼，船井是我们的。” Funai 是该机构的名称，全国土著人民基金会。
 
Critics said the agency's past leaders did not do enough to protect the Amazon rain forest.
批评人士表示，该机构的前任领导人在保护亚马逊雨林方面做得不够。
 
In 2022, a satellite image study showed that deforestation – the term for removing trees – increased during Bolsonaro's presidency. Some environmental groups say deforestation was taking place at a slower rate in Brazil before he took office.
2022 年，一项卫星图像研究表明，在博尔索纳罗担任总统期间，森林砍伐（砍伐树木的术语）有所增加。一些环保组织表示，在他上任之前，巴西的森林砍伐速度有所放缓。
Lula is putting people like Wapichana into jobs where they can help grow protected areas for indigenous people and limit deforestation.
卢拉正在让像 Wapichana 这样的人从事可以帮助为土著人民建立保护区并限制森林砍伐的工作。
 
George Porto Ferreira is a researcher for Ibama, Brazil's environmental law-enforcement agency. He said Lula added employees who can "reverse all the environmental destruction" during the Bolsonaro government.
George Porto Ferreira 是巴西环境执法机构 Ibama 的研究员。他说，卢拉在博尔索纳罗政府期间增加了可以“扭转所有环境破坏”的员工。
 
Some are concerned, however, that Lula will not be able to do everything he wants. Lula did not do such a good job during his past presidential terms. In addition, some Bolsonaro supporters still govern large Amazon states, and they will not easily change their policies. Bolsonaro's supporters think Lula's ideas will hurt the economy by restricting land development.
然而，有些人担心卢拉无法为所欲为。卢拉在过去的总统任期内并没有做得这么好。此外，一些博尔索纳罗的支持者仍然统治着亚马逊大州，他们不会轻易改变政策。博尔索纳罗的支持者认为卢拉的想法会通过限制土地开发损害经济。
 
One of Lula's biggest moves so far was appointing Marina Silva to lead Brazil's environmental ministry. Silva is a former rubber collector, or tapper, from Acre state. She led the ministry from 2003 to 2008 during Lula's former presidency. She resigned after a conflict with government and farm leaders who did not like her development restrictions.
然而，有些人担心卢拉无法为所欲为。卢拉在过去的总统任期内并没有做得这么好。此外，一些博尔索纳罗的支持者仍然统治着亚马逊大州，他们不会轻易改变政策。博尔索纳罗的支持者认为卢拉的想法会通过限制土地开发损害经济。
 
Lula has made other moves to support the Amazon's native people and the environment. The changes include restarting the Amazon Fund, ending a Bolsonaro action that permitted mining in indigenous and protected areas and creating an indigenous peoples' ministry.
卢拉还采取了其他措施来支持亚马逊的原住民和环境。这些变化包括重启亚马逊基金，结束允许在土著和保护区采矿的 Bolsonaro 行动，以及创建土著人民部。
 
Sonia Guajajara will lead the Ministry of Indigenous Peoples. She is the first indigenous woman to hold such an important job in the government.
Sonia Guajajara 将领导土著人民部。她是第一位在政府担任如此重要职务的土著妇女。
 
She said: "It won't be easy to overcome 504 years in only four years. But we are willing to use this moment to promote a take-back of Brazil's spiritual force."
她说：“要在短短四年内战胜504年并不容易。但我们愿意用这一刻来推动巴西精神力量的回归。”
 
One of Lula's goals is to end deforestation by 2030. However, the new government's goals will not be easy to reach. Bolsonaro supporters govern six of the nine Amazon states.
卢拉的目标之一是到 2030 年结束森林砍伐。然而，新政府的目标并不容易实现。博尔索纳罗的支持者统治着亚马逊九个州中的六个。
 
One problem is illegal gold mining in the Amazon. It will be hard to end because it produces a lot of money and work. Mining employs thousands of people in Brazil, Peru and Venezuela. The mining has poisoned water with mercury. The unsafe water hurts people who drink it and catch fish in the rivers close to the mines.
问题之一是亚马逊地区的非法金矿开采。这将很难结束，因为它会产生大量的金钱和工作。在巴西、秘鲁和委内瑞拉，采矿业雇用了数千人。采矿用汞污染了水。不安全的水伤害了饮用水和在矿区附近的河流中捕鱼的人。
 
Gustavo Geiser is a crime investigator who has worked with the Brazilian Federal Police for 15 years. He said a main reason for the problems is "the state's absence."
Gustavo Geiser 是一名犯罪调查员，在巴西联邦警察局工作了 15 年。他说，出现问题的一个主要原因是“国家缺席”。
 
Supporters say the president can expand indigenous territories. Lula is being asked to create 13 new territories, a process that slowed under Bolsonaro, who said he would not give any more land to indigenous people.
支持者说，总统可以扩大土著领土。卢拉被要求创建 13 个新领土，这一进程在博尔索纳罗的领导下放缓，他说他不会再给土著人民更多的土地。
 
The first step may be to expand the area of Uneiuxi, an area that is home to 23 indigenous groups. A signature by Lula will increase the area by 37 percent, finishing a process that started nearly 40 years ago.
第一步可能是扩大 Uneiuxi 的面积，该地区居住着 23 个土著群体。卢拉的签名将使面积增加 37%，完成近 40 年前开始的进程。