2023年01月31日 VOA慢速英语：世卫组织呼吁在 2023 年去除反式脂肪

 

The World Health Organization (WHO) has called for a total ban on what it calls industrially produced trans fatty acids worldwide in 2023.
世界卫生组织 (WHO) 呼吁在 2023 年全面禁止其所谓的工业生产的反式脂肪酸。
 
The health organization said the artificially produced form of fat is responsible for half a million early deaths each year. Products containing trans fat are commonly found in baked goods and cooking oils.
该卫生组织表示，人工产生的脂肪每年导致 50 万人过早死亡。含有反式脂肪的产品常见于烘焙食品和食用油中。
 
In 2020, the WHO said more than 58 countries have introduced laws to protect people from artificial trans fat. But, it said, more than 100 countries should remove them from their food supplies.
世界卫生组织表示，2020 年已有超过 58 个国家出台了保护人们免受人造反式脂肪侵害的法律。但是，它说，100 多个国家应该将它们从食品供应中移除。
 
The health agency reported that two-thirds of the deaths that it blames on trans fat happened in 15 countries. Of these countries, Canada, Latvia, Slovenia, and the United States have set limits on or banned artificial trans fat. But many countries have yet to take action. In Asia, the countries are Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, India, Iran, and South Korea. Others include Ecuador, Mexico and Egypt.
该卫生机构报告说，它归咎于反式脂肪的死亡人数中有三分之二发生在 15 个国家/地区。在这些国家中，加拿大、拉脱维亚、斯洛文尼亚和美国已经限制或禁止人造反式脂肪。但许多国家尚未采取行动。在亚洲，这些国家是阿塞拜疆、孟加拉国、不丹、尼泊尔、巴基斯坦、印度、伊朗和韩国。其他国家包括厄瓜多尔、墨西哥和埃及。
 
Tom Frieden is head of the public health organization Resolve to Save Lives. The organization is working with the WHO to remove artificial trans fat from the international food supply. He said the total removal of trans fat from food could prevent up to 17 million deaths from heart-related disease by 2040.
Tom Frieden 是公共卫生组织Resolve to Save Lives的负责人。该组织正在与世界卫生组织合作，从国际食品供应中去除人造反式脂肪。他说，到 2040 年，从食物中完全去除反式脂肪可以防止多达 1700 万人死于心脏病。
 
What is trans fat?
什么是反式脂肪？
 
The American Heart Association is a non-profit group that supports heart health and research. It says there are two different kinds of trans fat
美国心脏协会是一个支持心脏健康和研究的非营利组织。它说有两种不同的反式脂肪
 
Natural trans fat forms in the gut of some animals and foods made from these animals such as milk and meat products.
一些动物的肠道和由这些动物制成的食物（如牛奶和肉制品）中会形成天然反式脂肪。
 
Artificial trans fat, also called trans fatty acids, is created through an industrial process that adds hydrogen to vegetable oils. Food makers use this lower-cost oil so food will stay fresh longer.
人造反式脂肪，也称为反式脂肪酸，是通过向植物油中添加氢的工业过程产生的。食品制造商使用这种成本较低的油，因此食物保鲜时间更长。
 
Trans fat can be found in foods such as donuts, cakes, cookies and deep-fried foods. Baked goods that sit on store shelves for many months but remain soft and moist usually contain trans fat. This is because the oil remains solid at room temperature.
反式脂肪存在于甜甜圈、蛋糕、饼干和油炸食品等食物中。在商店货架上放置数月但仍保持柔软湿润的烘焙食品通常含有反式脂肪。这是因为油在室温下保持固态。
 
Frieden from Resolve to Save Lives said it is important to understand the difference between artificial trans fat and saturated fat. He called trans fat "a toxic chemical" which should be completely removed from the food supply. That is different from saturated fat, a common substance in many food groups, which "nobody is proposing to ban."
Resolve to Save Lives 的 Frieden 说，了解人造反式脂肪和饱和脂肪之间的区别很重要。他称反式脂肪是“一种有毒化学物质”，应该从食品供应中完全去除。这与饱和脂肪不同，饱和脂肪是许多食物类别中的常见物质，“没有人提议禁止”。
 
Frieden said, "Think of artificial trans fat as the tobacco of nutrition. It has no values."
弗里登说，“把人造反式脂肪想象成营养烟草。它没有任何价值。”
 
Efforts to remove trans fast
努力快速消除反式
 
In 2018, the WHO launched a step-by-step guide calling on governments around the world to remove artificial trans fat from the food supply. The guide urges governments to replace trans fat with oils such as olive oil, creating public awareness of the harms of trans fat, and enforcing the anti-trans fat policies and laws.
2018 年，世界卫生组织发布了分步指南，呼吁世界各国政府从食品供应中去除人造反式脂肪。该指南敦促各国政府用橄榄油等油类替代反式脂肪，提高公众对反式脂肪危害的认识，并执行反反式脂肪政策和法律。
 
By the end of 2020, the health agency said new laws have protected more than 3.2 billion people from the substance.
该卫生机构表示，到 2020 年底，新法律已保护超过 32 亿人免受该物质的侵害。
 
Most of the action came from wealthy countries and areas. But several low- and lower-middle-income countries including Bangladesh, India, the Philippines and Ukraine also followed WHO's best practices for artificial trans fat. India's policy covers more than 1 billion people. And Nigeria is expected to join South Africa as the second African country to remove trans fats.
大多数行动来自富裕的国家和地区。但包括孟加拉国、印度、菲律宾和乌克兰在内的几个低收入和中低收入国家也遵循了世卫组织关于人造反式脂肪的最佳做法。印度的政策覆盖超过10亿人。尼日利亚有望加入南非，成为第二个去除反式脂肪的非洲国家。
 
Frieden noted 5 billion people are still at risk from trans fat. He said governments can stop preventable deaths by enacting WHO's best-practice policies.
弗里登指出，仍有 50 亿人面临反式脂肪的风险。他说，各国政府可以通过制定世卫组织的最佳实践政策来阻止可预防的死亡。
 
"Policy wins in one country can help encourage other countries to take action," Frieden noted. He added that countries like India and Bangladesh could be examples for all of South and Southeast Asia. And Nigeria, along with South Africa, would become "a leader for Africa."
“一个国家的政策胜利可以帮助鼓励其他国家采取行动，”弗里登指出。他补充说，印度和孟加拉国等国家可以成为整个南亚和东南亚的例子。尼日利亚和南非将成为“非洲的领导者”。