2023年02月08日 VOA慢速英语：救援人员急忙寻找土耳其和叙利亚大地震的幸存者

More than 6,200 people have been reportedly killed in the earthquake and aftershocks that struck Turkey and Syria on Monday. But officials warn that the number is likely to rise. Tens of thousands of people have also been injured.
据报道，超过 6,200 人在周一袭击土耳其和叙利亚的地震和余震中丧生。但官员们警告说，这个数字可能会上升。数万人也因此受伤。
 
In Turkey, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan declared a state of emergency in 10 affected provinces for three months. Rescue workers are struggling with difficult conditions and low temperatures.
在土耳其，总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安宣布 10 个受灾省份进入为期三个月的紧急状态。救援人员正在艰难的条件和低温下挣扎。
 
Erdogan said more than 3,500 people have died in Turkey.
埃尔多安说，土耳其有超过 3500 人死亡。
 
Turkey's Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD) said 5775 buildings had been destroyed and more than 20,426 people had been injured. The government plans to open hotels in Antalya, a place popular with foreign visitors, to temporarily house people displaced by the quake.
土耳其灾害与应急管理局（AFAD）表示，已有 5775 座建筑物被毁，超过 20,426 人受伤。政府计划在深受外国游客欢迎的安塔利亚开设旅馆，以临时安置因地震而流离失所的人。
On Tuesday, a large fire was still burning at the southern port of Iskenderun. Pictures from Hatay showed many tall housing buildings had collapsed, suggesting that the number of dead might be much higher.
周二，伊斯肯德伦南部港口的大火仍在燃烧。哈塔伊的照片显示，许多高楼倒塌，这表明死亡人数可能要高得多。
 
It is feared that many remain trapped under collapsed buildings. One man told Reuters, "They're making noises but nobody is coming…They're calling out. They're saying, ‘Save us' but we can't save them…"
恐怕许多人仍被困在倒塌的建筑物下。一名男子告诉路透社，“他们在制造噪音，但没有人过来……他们在呼喊。他们在说，‘救救我们’，但我们救不了他们……”
 
From Geneva, the United Nations children's agency said it fears: "The earthquakes…may have killed thousands of children."
联合国儿童机构在日内瓦说，它担心：“地震……可能已经杀死了数千名儿童。”
 
In Syria, the government news agency SANA said more than 812 people had died in government-controlled areas. In the rebel-held northwest, a rescue group called the White Helmets said at least 900 had died. The leader of the group said it is making efforts but it was unable to deal with a large number of collapsed buildings.
在叙利亚，政府通讯社 SANA 称，超过 812 人在政府控制区死亡。在叛军控制的西北部，一个名为“白头盔”的救援组织称至少有 900 人死亡。该集团负责人表示正在努力，但无法处理大量倒塌的建筑物。
 
What kind of earthquake was it?
那是一场什么样的地震？
 
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) said the 7.8 magnitude quake was centered in southern Turkey, near the border with Syria. Many smaller earthquakes, or aftershocks, followed the first. And, nine hours after the first quake, another 7.5 magnitude earthquake hit. Alex Hatem is a USGS geologist. He said, "More aftershocks are certainly expected, given the size of the main shock."
美国地质调查局 (USGS) 表示，7.8 级地震震中位于土耳其南部，靠近叙利亚边境。第一次地震之后发生了许多较小的地震或余震。而且，在第一次地震发生九小时后，又发生了一次 7.5 级地震。Alex Hatem 是美国地质勘探局的地质学家。他说，“考虑到主震的规模，肯定会发生更多余震。”
 
Researchers say that the earthquake was a strike-slip quake. These result when two huge pieces of the Earth's surface, called tectonic plates, slide past each other. Tension builds up between the pieces of the Earth's crust until the energy is released in the form of an earthquake.
研究人员说，这次地震是走滑地震。当地球表面的两个巨大部分（称为构造板块）相互滑过时，就会产生这些结果。地壳的各个部分之间会形成张力，直到能量以地震的形式释放出来。
 
In this case, one plate moved west while the other moved east, Hatem said. The aftershocks will slowly lessen over time.
哈特姆说，在这种情况下，一个板块向西移动而另一个向东移动。随着时间的推移，余震会慢慢减弱。
 
Monday's earthquake in Turkey was very powerful for one that was centered on land. Usually, such strong quakes take place under the sea, said Margarita Segou of the British Geological Survey.
土耳其周一发生的地震对于以陆地为中心的地震来说是非常强烈的。英国地质调查局的玛格丽塔塞古说，通常这种强烈的地震发生在海底。
 
Why was the quake so damaging?
为什么这次地震破坏力如此之大？
 
The quake hit near Gaziantep, a major city and provincial capital in Turkey. Kishor Jaiswal, a USGS structural engineer, said the area has a lot of vulnerable buildings.
地震发生在土耳其主要城市和省会加济安泰普附近。美国地质勘探局结构工程师 Kishor Jaiswal 表示，该地区有许多脆弱的建筑物。
 
He said new buildings in cities like Istanbul were designed to withstand earthquakes. But many older, tall buildings are not. Also, in Syria, fast building methods and years of war have left many structures weakened.
他说，伊斯坦布尔等城市的新建筑旨在抵御地震。但许多较旧的高层建筑并非如此。此外，在叙利亚，快速的建筑方法和多年的战争已经削弱了许多结构。
 
Officials say thousands of buildings have collapsed, including "pancake" collapses in which upper floors fall straight down onto lower floors. That is a sign that the structures were not built well.
官员们说，数以千计的建筑物已经倒塌，包括“煎饼式”倒塌，即上层直接倒塌到下层。这表明这些结构没有建造好。
 
Rescuers have also been slowed by freezing temperatures and traffic as people flee affected areas.
当人们逃离受灾地区时，冰冻的温度和交通也减慢了救援人员的速度。
 
The quake was Turkey's deadliest since the 1999 Izmit earthquake. In 2011, a powerful 7.2 magnitude quake struck southeastern Turkey killing 600.
此次地震是土耳其自 1999 年伊兹米特地震以来伤亡最严重的地震。2011 年，一场强烈的 7.2 级地震袭击了土耳其东南部，造成 600 人死亡。