2023年02月08日 VOA慢速英语：大学理事会：改变与政治无关的黑人研究

 

On February 1, the College Board released its official structure, or framework, for a new Advanced Placement (AP) African American Studies course.
2 月 1 日，大学理事会发布了新的大学先修 (AP) 非裔美国人研究课程的官方结构或框架。
 
Like other AP classes, the course gives high school students in the United States a chance to receive college credit depending on how they perform in the course exam.
与其他 AP 课程一样，该课程让美国的高中生有机会获得大学学分，具体取决于他们在课程考试中的表现。
 
The non-profit organization said in a statement, "The official framework has been under development for nearly a year. It replaces the preliminary pilot course framework under discussion to date…"
该非营利组织在一份声明中表示，“官方框架已经开发了将近一年。它取代了迄今为止正在讨论的初步 试点课程框架……”
 
The group added that the changes have been shaped "only by the input of experts…" But some experts questioned whether political pressure led to the changes.
该组织补充说，这些变化“仅由专家的意见……”形成，但一些专家质疑政治压力是否导致了这些变化。
 
Political pressure from Florida
来自佛罗里达的政治压力
 
Just two weeks before the College Board released its official framework, education officials in the state of Florida announced that the course would be banned in the state's public high schools.
就在大学理事会发布其官方框架的两周前，佛罗里达州的教育官员宣布该州的公立高中将禁止该课程。
 
Florida Governor Ron DeSantis has made education one of his central issues. DeSantis says he opposes education that "indoctrinates" students with liberal ideas. Last year, he signed the "Stop WOKE Act," which limits how race can be taught in Florida public schools. EducationWeek reports that Florida is one of 18 states that have passed similar laws.
佛罗里达州州长罗恩·德桑蒂斯 (Ron DeSantis) 将教育作为他的核心问题之一。德桑蒂斯说，他反对向学生“灌输”自由思想的教育。去年，他签署了“Stop WOKE Act”，该法案限制了佛罗里达州公立学校教授种族的方式。《教育周刊》报道称，佛罗里达州是通过类似法律的 18 个州之一。
 
The Florida Department of Education said in a letter to the College Board that the course violates state law and "lacks educational value."
佛罗里达州教育部在给大学理事会的一封信中表示，该课程违反了州法律，“缺乏教育价值”。
 
Florida released a list of concerns it had with the AP course. They included lessons dealing with "intersectionality." Intersectionality is the idea that social categories like race, gender, and class combine to create different levels of discrimination and privilege in society. Other objections included critical race theory and LGBTQ subjects.
佛罗里达州发布了一份它对 AP 课程的担忧清单。它们包括处理“交叉性”的课程。交叉性是指种族、性别和阶级等社会类别结合起来，在社会中产生不同程度的歧视和特权。其他反对意见包括批判种族理论和LGBTQ主题。
 
What was removed?
删除了什么？
 
Suneal Kolluri researches AP courses for the University of California, Riverside. He wrote in The Conversation that many of the subjects that Florida objected to are no longer in the required framework. Kolluri added, "the current discussions of race, racism and oppression have disappeared."
Suneal Kolluri 为加州大学河滨分校研究 AP 课程。他在The Conversation中写道，佛罗里达州反对的许多主题不再在要求的框架内。Kolluri 补充说，“目前关于种族、种族主义和压迫的讨论已经消失。”
 
Kolluri wrote that writings from Kimberlé Crenshaw, a scholar who started the field of critical race theory, have been removed from the course. And subjects like Black Lives Matter, Black imprisonment and reparations are now included as optional for research.
Kolluri 写道，Kimberlé Crenshaw 的著作已从课程中删除， Kimberlé Crenshaw是一位开创了批判种族理论领域的学者。Black Lives Matter、黑人监禁和赔偿等主题现在被列为研究的可选项目。
 
The College Board said it did not make the changes because of political reasons. The group said in a statement that it had already made the changes to the course before Florida's Department of Education sent the letter explaining its objections.
大学理事会表示，由于政治原因，它没有做出改变。该组织在一份声明中表示，在佛罗里达州教育部发出解释其反对意见的信函之前，它已经对课程进行了修改。
 
The "course has been shaped over years by the most eminent scholars in the field, not political influence," the statement said. The board said the new framework adds new subjects not fully represented in the pilot and gives students time to study current issues.
声明说，“课程是由该领域最杰出的学者多年来塑造的，而不是政治影响力。” 董事会表示，新框架增加了试点中未完全体现的新科目，并让学生有时间研究当前问题。
 
Kerry Haynie is with Duke University's Department of African American Studies and helped develop the course for the College Board. She added in a statement: "We reject any claim that our work either indoctrinates students or, on the other hand, has bowed to political pressure."
Kerry Haynie 在杜克大学非裔美国人研究系工作，并帮助为大学理事会开发了这门课程。她在一份声明中补充说：“我们拒绝接受任何关于我们的工作要么向学生灌输思想，要么在另一方面屈服于政治压力的说法。”
 
Keeanga Yamahtta-Taylor is a Black Studies professor at Northwestern University. She rejected the College Board's claim that its decision to change the course framework was not based on politics. Given the many state laws limiting the teaching of race in schools, the College Board wanted to make the course politically safe, she said on the news program Democracy Now!
Keeanga Yamahtta-Taylor 是西北大学黑人研究教授。她驳斥了大学理事会关于其改变课程框架的决定并非基于政治的说法。鉴于许多州法律限制在学校教授种族，大学理事会希望使该课程在政治上安全，她在新闻节目Democracy Now 中说。
 
Yamahtta-Taylor said: "So their explanation that this … has nothing to do with the political environment is completely unbelievable."
Yamahtta-Taylor 说：“所以他们关于这……与政治环境无关的解释是完全令人难以置信的。”
 
The Florida Department of Education has not said whether it will accept the current version of the course. Before the release of the new framework, a spokesperson for the agency said, "We are glad the College Board … (expressed) a willingness to" change.
佛罗里达州教育部尚未表示是否会接受当前版本的课程。在发布新框架之前，该机构的一位发言人表示，“我们很高兴大学理事会……（表示）愿意”做出改变。
 
Many in Florida have pushed back against the education department's decision to block the course. Some spoke at the "Stop the Black Attack" rally in Florida's capital in January.
佛罗里达州的许多人反对教育部门阻止该课程的决定。一月份，一些人在佛罗里达州首府举行的“停止黑人袭击”集会上发表了讲话。
 
Juliette Hickman is a high school student who spoke at the rally. Florida lawmakers are "uncomfortable or even afraid of the course," she said. But that "does not grant them the right to take away this opportunity from thousands of students across the state."
朱丽叶·希克曼 (Juliette Hickman) 是一名在集会上发言的高中生。她说，佛罗里达州立法者“对这个课程感到不安甚至害怕”。但这“并不赋予他们从全州数千名学生手中夺走这个机会的权利。”