2023年02月27日 VOA慢速英语：美国移民规则的拟议修改

 

The administration of President Joe Biden recently proposed changes to U.S. immigration laws for asylum seekers.
拜登总统的政府最近提议对美国进行改革。寻求庇护者的移民法。
 
The proposal comes as the U.S. prepares to end immigration regulations tied to the COVID-19 pandemic. The regulations are set to end in May.
该提案来自美国准备终止与 COVID-19 大流行相关的移民法规。这些规定将于 5 月结束。
 
The change would permit migrants to enter the U.S only if they did not pass through another country first.
只有在不先通过另一个国家的情况下，这一变化才允许申请人进入美国。
 
For example, Mexicans who want to seek asylum would be permitted to enter, but a person from Central America who spent time in Mexico on the way to the U.S. would be rejected.
例如，想要寻求庇护的墨西哥人将被允许入境，但来自中美洲的人在前往美国的途中曾在墨西哥逗留过一段时间。会被拒绝。
 
Biden's proposal must be reviewed for 30 days before it can take effect. If it does, it will stay in place for at least two years.
拜登的提议必须经过30天的审查才能生效。如果是这样，它将保留至少两年。
 
Experts said the law will likely be challenged by immigration supporters as well as those who want to limit immigration.
专家表示，这项法律可能会受到移民支持者和那些想要限制移民的人的挑战。
 
The Biden administration described the rule as a necessary tool for when the pandemic-related restrictions called Title 42 end. Title 42 is the name for immigration restrictions put in place at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to limit the disease's spread.
拜登政府将该规则描述为一个必要的工具，用于应对名为 Title 42 的大流行相关限制何时结束。第 42 条是在 COVID-19 大流行开始时为限制疾病传播而实施的移民限制的名称。
 
Leaders in the departments of Justice and Homeland Security say letting Title 42 expire without putting something in its place would cause a fast increase in migrants trying to enter the U.S.
司法部和国土安全部的领导人表示，让 Title 42过期而不采取任何措施将导致试图进入美国的移民迅速增加
 
Here is a look at how the new plan differs from the old one.
以下是新计划与旧计划的不同之处。
 
What is the new rule and how is it different?
新规则是什么？它有何不同？
 
Under the new rule, migrants who come to the southern border of the U.S. will be denied entry unless they tried to gain asylum in another country first.
根据新规定，来到美国南部边境的移民将被拒绝入境，除非他们首先试图在另一个国家获得庇护。
 
Migrants will be required to apply for an asylum interview before coming to the U.S. This can be done on a smart phone.
移民在来美国之前需要申请庇护面谈，这可以在智能手机上完成。
 
Melissa Crowe is a lawyer with the Center for Gender and Refugee Studies. Crowe supports immigration rights. She and other critics say the new rule includes parts of policies presented by former President Donald Trump. The main difference is that Biden's law permits migrants to appeal if they are denied entry.
梅丽莎·克劳 (Melissa Crowe) 是性别与难民研究中心的一名律师。克罗支持移民权利。她和其他批评者说，新规则包括前总统唐纳德特朗普提出的部分政策。主要区别在于，拜登的法律允许移民在被拒绝入境时提出上诉。
 
What does the Biden administration say?
拜登政府怎么说？
 
If the old rules expire without something in its place, government officials say they are worried about a huge number of migrants coming to the border. There could be as many as 13,000 people per day. That is a much higher number than the busiest days during the last three years. The new rule, officials say, would prevent a fast increase.
如果旧规定在没有任何替代措施的情况下到期，政府官员表示他们担心会有大量移民涌入边境。每天可能有多达 13,000 人。这比过去三年中最繁忙的日子要高得多。官员们表示，新规则将阻止快速增长。
 
Government officials point out there are special rules for people from Haiti, Venezuela, Cuba and Nicaragua. They say that makes Biden's proposal different from the Trump policies.
政府官员指出，对于来自海地、委内瑞拉、古巴和尼加拉瓜的人有特殊规定。他们说，这使得拜登的提议不同于特朗普的政策。
 
Krish O'Mara Vignarajah is the leader of Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service. She said her organization supports the expanded pathways for those four countries. But the new rule, she said, leaves a lot of people from other countries at risk. People are especially at risk if they must leave their home country right away or if they do not have enough money to come directly to the U.S.
Krish O'Mara Vignarajah 是路德会移民和难民服务中心的负责人。她说她的组织支持这四个国家的扩展途径。但她说，新规定让许多来自其他国家的人处于危险之中。如果人们必须立即离开自己的祖国，或者如果他们没有足够的钱直接来美国，他们将面临特别大的风险
 
Critics who want to further restrict immigration say Biden's policy would not cut down the number of migrants. Instead, they said the new plan's main goal is to better organize the process. They also say the new plan is only supposed to get the current administration "through the next election cycle."
希望进一步限制移民的批评者表示，拜登的政策不会减少移民人数。相反，他们表示新计划的主要目标是更好地组织流程。他们还表示，新计划只能让现任政府“度过下一个选举周期”。
 
What is Mexico's role in the new plan?
墨西哥在新计划中扮演什么角色？
 
The U.S. and Mexico share a border that is more than 3,000 kilometers long. That means most asylum seekers who want to come to the U.S. spend some time there first.
美国和墨西哥的边界长达 3000 多公里。这意味着大多数想来美国的寻求庇护者都会先在那里待上一段时间。
 
Mexico has not yet commented on the new plan. The Biden administration, however, said it has been in "close consultation" with the Mexican government. The U.S. said Mexico has agreed to take back people who are rejected at the border.
墨西哥尚未对新计划发表评论。不过，拜登政府表示，它一直在与墨西哥政府进行“密切磋商”。美国表示，墨西哥已同意接回在边境被拒绝的人。
 
What about other countries in the area?
该地区的其他国家呢？
 
The people who wrote the new plan say countries such as Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, Colombia and Ecuador have been accepting migrants. But people who work to help migrants say those countries do not support migrants well enough, so they will still want to come to the U.S.
起草新计划的人说，墨西哥、伯利兹、哥斯达黎加、哥伦比亚和厄瓜多尔等国家一直在接受移民。但致力于帮助移民的人表示，这些国家对移民的支持不够好，因此他们仍会想来美国
 
What happens next?
接下来发生什么？
 
The rule is open for comment for the next 30 days. If there are no changes, it will go into effect on May 11 when Title 42 ends. However, it is not clear if the old plan will end. Leaders of some states say they want the current plan to stay in place.
该规则在接下来的 30 天内开放征求意见。如果没有变化，它将在 5 月 11 日 Title 42 结束时生效。但是，尚不清楚旧计划是否会结束。一些州的领导人表示，他们希望当前的计划保持不变。