听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:患有自闭症是什么体验 ，希望你会喜欢！
【演讲者及介绍】Ethan Lisi
Ethan Lisi认为，我们都是不同的、独一无二的。
【演讲主题】What it's really like to have autism
患有自闭症是什么体验
【中英文字幕】
翻译者 Ethan Huang 校对者 Wanting Zhong
00:01
Autism is something that many people know about. For example, some people think that autistic people are fair-skinned males that speak in monotone and constantly go on and on about the same topic. Some people think that autistic people do not know right from wrong, avoid attention and usually say the wrong thing at the wrong time. Some people think that autistic people are socially awkward and lack humor and empathy.
很多人都听说过自闭症。 举个例子，有的人认为 自闭症人士是白人男性， 说话声音单调， 并且会对同一个话题说个不停。 有些人则认为自闭症人士 无法分辨对错， 不喜欢被人注意， 并经常在错误的时间 说错误的话。 还有些人觉得自闭症人士在 社交上表现笨拙， 并缺乏幽默感和同理心。
00:39
Now if you agree with what I just said, I'm sorry to tell you, but you do not have the right impression of autism. How do I know? Because I have autism. I do have my own obsessions with things like electronics and public transit, but that does not define me. Each of us are different and unique in our own way.
如果你们同意我刚才所说的， 那我很抱歉地告诉你们， 你们对自闭症的印象并不正确。 我是怎么知道的呢？ 因为我就有自闭症。 我的确对电子产品 和公共交通非常着迷， 但这并不能定义我是怎样的人。 我们每一个人都有自己的 不同与独特之处。
01:09
However, there is not a lot of information out there on what an autistic life actually looks like, so people often resort to stereotypes. And we see these often in the media. Some of the more common stereotypes in the media include being socially awkward, lacking empathy and even being a supergenius.
但是世界上并没有多少 关于自闭症人群 真实生活的信息。 于是人们通常会 诉诸刻板印象。 我们在媒体里常常 看到这些刻板印象。 一些在媒体里更常见的刻板印象 包括社交障碍， 缺乏同理心， 甚至超级天才。
01:35
And the lack of knowledge on autism doesn't stop there either. Did you know that some people are trying to find a cure for autism? That's because they see it as a negative thing, as a disease. Many people are challenging the idea and to us, we think autism is not a disease. It's just another way of thinking and looking at the world. Our brains function differently from most people's brains. Think of it like comparing and Xbox and a PlayStation. They're both highly capable consoles with different programming. But if you put your Xbox game in a PlayStation, it won't work, because the PlayStation communicates differently.
对于自闭症的认识缺乏 还不仅限于此。 你们知道有些人正在为 自闭症寻找治疗办法吗？ 这是因为他们觉得 自闭症是不好的， 是一种疾病。 很多人在驳斥这种观点， 对于我们来说，我们认为 自闭症不是一种疾病。 它只不过是另一种 思考与看待世界的方式。 我们大脑的运行方式同 大多数人不同。 这就好比把 Xbox 和 PlayStation 拿来对比一样。 两者都是性能出众的主机， 有着不同的程序。 但是如果你把 Xbox 的游戏 放在 PlayStation 里面， 它不会顺利运行，因为 PlayStation 的读取方式和 Xbox 不同。
02:25
When I look in the mirror, I see someone who thinks differently. Oh, and I also see nice hair.
当我看向镜子的时候， 我会看到一个 思维方式不同的人， 噢，还有好看的头发。
02:30
(Laughter)
（笑声）
02:32
(Applause)
（掌声）
02:39
But the question is, am I really diseased if I just think differently? The main problem with living autistic in today's society is that the world just isn't built for us. There's so many ways that we can get overwhelmed. For example, the thing that makes me overwhelmed all the time is loud noises, which means I never crank up my music really loud and I usually am not a fan of large parties. But other people on the spectrum might get overwhelmed with things like bright lights or strong smells or gooey textures that all have the potential to create anxiety. Think about all of the social gatherings you've been to in the past. Was there loud music playing? Were there really bright lights? Were there lots of different food smells going on at the same time? Were there lots of conversations happening all at once? Those things may not have bothered you guys, but for someone with autism, they can be quite overwhelming.
但是问题在于， 如果只是思维方式异于常人， 那我真的患有疾病吗？ 自闭症人群在现代社会里 生活的最大问题是， 这个世界的运行方式 对我们不适用。 世界上有太多的事情 能让我们无所适从。 举个例子来说， 我一直难以应付的东西 是巨大的声响， 这意味着我从来不把 音乐声音开得很大， 我也不喜欢参加大型派对。 但是其他有自闭症谱系 障碍的人可能会因为 强光或者浓烈的味道 或者黏糊糊的质感 而感到难以忍受， 这些东西都可能 给我们制造焦虑。 想想你们过去参加过的 所有社交聚会。 那里是不是放着很大声的音乐？ 是不是有着很刺眼的灯光？ 是不是同时弥漫着 很多种不同食物的味道？ 是不是有很多人在同时进行对话？ 这些事可能不会让你们觉得困扰， 但是对于有自闭症的人来说， 它们能让人觉得不堪重负。
03:57
So in those situations, we do something called stimming, which is like a repetitive motion or a noise or some other random fidgeting that may or may not seem normal. Some people will flap their arms or make a noise or spin. Ya, it's basically our way of zoning out. It can often feel necessary for us to stim. However, it's often frowned upon, and we're forced to hide it. When we're forced to hide our autistic traits like this, it's called masking. And some people mask better than others. I mask so well sometimes that people don't even know I'm autistic until I give them the big reveal. (Laughs)
所以在这种情况下，我们会做出 自我刺激的行为（stimming）， 比如做出反复的动作或声音， 又或是其他无意义的小动作， 看上去可能正常，也可能不正常。 有些人会挥动手臂， 或是发出吵声， 或是旋转物品。 没错，这基本就是我们 走神时的表现。 我们常常觉得 有必要进行自我刺激。 但是，这种行为 常常令他人不悦， 于是我们被迫隐藏这种行为。 当我们被迫隐藏 类似的自闭症状时， 我们在进行伪装（masking）。 有的人比其他人隐藏得好。 我有时隐藏得相当好，以至于 别人甚至不知道我有自闭症， 直到我为他们揭开谜底。（笑声）
04:56
But at the end of the day, it gets really stressful. Even something like doing my homework at night becomes very tiring. Some people think, because of our ability to mask, that this is the cure to autism. However, all it really does is makes us ashamed of showing our true selves.
但是不管怎么说， 这样的伪装会带来巨大压力。 甚至晚上做作业之类的事情 都会变得非常令人疲倦。 有些人会想， 因为我们有能力进行伪装， 这就是治愈自闭症的办法。 但是，这样的伪装只会让我们 羞于展现真正的自我。
05:23
Another common stereotype that is often associated with autism is that autistic people lack empathy. And again, this is not true. I actually have lots of empathy. I'm just not really good at showing it. Whenever a friend is trying to tell me some of the struggles that they're going through, I often don't know how to express my reply. And that is why I don't show as much empathy as my nonautistic friends do.
另一个常常和自闭症 联系在一起的刻板印象是， 自闭症人群缺乏同理心。 同样的，这也不是真相。 我其实富有同理心。 我只是不擅长表现出来。 每当朋友尝试告诉我 他们正经历的一些挣扎时， 我通常都不知道 如何表达我的回应。 这就是为什么和我 没有自闭症的朋友相比， 我没有表现出 同等程度的同理心。
05:57
Emotional expression, however much or however little, is difficult for me. And that is because I am bursting inside with every single emotion one feels at all times. Though of course, I cannot express it that way. Otherwise, let's say, happiness, for example, would come out as a huge burst of gleeful wheezing, hand flapping and loud vocal "woohoos."
情感上的表达， 不论多少， 对我来说都很困难。 这是因为无论何时 我感受到的任何情感， 在心中都如同爆炸一样强烈。 虽说当然了，我无法 那样强烈地表达出来。 否则的话，以快乐为例， 快乐会剧烈地爆发出来， 我会兴奋地喘气， 手舞足蹈，并大声高呼“哇吼！”
06:25
(Laughter)
（笑声）
06:28
Whereas you may just smile.
而换作你的话， 可能只是个微笑。
06:29
(Laughter)
（笑声）
06:33
Whether it be receiving an awesome birthday gift or listening to a tragic story on the news, I cannot really express my reply without bursting, so once again, I have to mask it in order to appear normal. My inner feelings are unlimited, but my mind only lets me express extremes or nothing.
不管是收到非常棒的生日礼物， 还是听到新闻里面悲剧的故事， 我真的没办法在情感不爆发 的情况下表达回应， 所以为了表现正常， 我不得不再次进行掩饰。 我内心有无限的情感， 但我的头脑只能让我 极端爆发，抑或毫无波动。
07:03
So my ... I am not great with my emotions, and I communicate differently, and because of that, I was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. This diagnosis helps me and my friends and family to know how my mind works. And in the world, approximately one percent of the population is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. And this number is growing. However, we are still a big minority. And there's still lots of people that do not see us as equals to other people.
所以我…… 我不擅长表达情感， 我沟通的方式也不一样， 因为这些，我被诊断 有自闭症谱系障碍。 这次诊断让我、 我朋友和家人 了解了我思维的运转方式。 世界上， 大概 1% 的人口 被诊断有自闭症谱系障碍。 同时这个数字还在增加。 但是，我们依然是一个 大型的少数群体。 现在还有很多人 不把我们视为 和他人平等的人。
07:48
This is my family. And in my family, there is one other person who is also autistic. My mother. Yes, adult women can also be autistic. My dad and my brother are both nonautistic. Sometimes it can be a bit difficult for us to communicate with each other, however. Sometimes I'll say something like, "Oh, Toronto's Union Station, right?" thinking that I can help them to remember certain aspects of it. When they get confused, I often have to elaborate myself on that. And we often have to say things in a number of different ways so that everyone understands. However, despite all that, we all love each other and respect each other as equals.
这是我的家人。 在我的家庭中， 还有另一位有自闭症的人。 我的妈妈。 是的，成年女性也可能有自闭症。 我的爸爸和兄弟都没有自闭症。 有时候，我们几个人 互相沟通会有些困难， 但是， 有时候我会说类似 “噢，多伦多联合车站，是吗？” 这样的话， 因为我认为这样能 帮助他们想起 车站的某些方面。 当他们感到困惑时，我经常 不得不对其进行详细阐述。 我们也经常不得不 用多种不同方式说明， 以便所有人理解。 但是，尽管这样， 我们都很爱彼此， 并且平等地尊重对方。
08:48
In his book "NeuroTribes," author Steve Silberman states that autism and other mental conditions should be seen as naturally human, naturally part of a human spectrum and not as defects. And this is something that I agree to completely. If autism was seen as part of a natural human spectrum, then the world could be designed to work better for autistic people. I am not ashamed of my autism. And I may not think like you, or act like you, but I am still human and I am not diseased.
在《神经部落》一书中， 作者史蒂夫 · 希波曼声称， 自闭症和其它精神状况 都应被看作人类的自然特性， 都是人类谱系中的正常部分， 而不应被视为缺陷。 这一点我是完全同意的。 如果自闭症人群被视为 正常人类谱系中的一部分， 那么这个世界就可以被设计得 对自闭症人群更加友好。 我并不因为有自闭症 而感到羞耻。 我可能和你们的思考方式不同， 行为举止不同， 但我仍是人类， 我也没有患病。
09:33
Thank you.
谢谢。
09:34
(Applause)
（掌声）