听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:如何为后代创造更好的世界，希望你会喜欢！

【演讲者及介绍】Sophie Howe

Sophie Howe维护着威尔士未来几代人的利益和福祉。

【演讲主题】让这个世界变得比你发现时更好的经验

Lessons on leaving the world better than you found it

【中英文字幕】

翻译者Translated by TED Translators Admin 校对者Yanyan Hong

Wales is a small but progressive country, the only country in the world to have legislated to protect the interests of future generations, the only country to have appointed someone independent to oversee this. Across the world, our systems of government, of politics, of economics have tended to act in the short term. And often, the decisions that are taken discount the interests of future generations and the planet. But in Wales, we're trying to change that by passing a law which requires not just our government but all of our main public institutions to demonstrate how they're acting for the long-term and how the decisions they take don't harm the interests of those yet to be born. And so as a mum of five and the world's only future generations commissioner, I want to share with you today some of the lessons we've learned about how we're trying to leave the world better than we found it.

威尔士是一个小国家，却很先进， 它是世界上唯一一个立法 保护后代人利益的国家， 是唯一一个任命了独立人士 来监督此事的国家。 在世界范围内，我们的政府、政治、 经济学体系往往在短期内发挥作用。 而通常，做出的决定 会折损子孙后代和地球的利益。 但是在威尔士，我们正试图 通过一项法律来改变这种状况， 这不仅需要我们的政府， 而且还需要我们所有主要的公共机构 来展示它们长期的行动方针， 并确保所采取的决定不会对 尚未出生后代的利益造成伤害。 因此，作为五个孩子的母亲 以及世界上唯一的未来世代专员， 我今天想与大家分享 一些我们已经学到的经验， 那就是我们如何留下一个 比我们发现时更好的世界。

First of all, you must involve people in setting long-term goals. Ask them: What's the Wales or the world you want to leave behind to your children and your grandchildren? We held a national conversation -- the Wales We Want -- and people told us, "We want a low-carbon economy. We want you to help us keep people well rather than just treat them when they're ill. We want connected communities and a more equal Wales." And our government legislated to set seven national well-being goals to achieve that. Each institution has to demonstrate how they're meeting those goals, and they're held to account by me.

首先，您必须让人们参与 到制定长期目标中。 问问他们：想留给孩子和子孙们 一个怎样的威尔士或世界？ 我们进行了一次全国性的对话—— 我们想要的威尔士—— 人们告诉我们：“我们想要低碳经济。 我们希望您能帮助我们 让人民的保持健康， 而不是仅仅在生病时去照顾他们。 我们希望紧密连结的社区 以及一个更加平等的威尔士。” 并且我们的政府立法 设定了七个实现国家福祉的目标。 每个机构都必须证明 自己是如何去实现这些目标的， 而由我来负责监督这些机构。

You have to focus on the interconnections between different aspects of well-being. You need to talk often about why it's just as important to public health as it is to the environment to tackle high levels of air pollution, why diversity in the workforce is just as important to economic prosperity as it is to addressing inequality.

您必须关注福祉的 不同方面之间的相互联系。 您需要经常谈论为什么它 对解决高程度的空气污染、 公共健康和环境同样重要。 为什么劳动力的多样性 对经济繁荣与解决不平等同样重要。

Our institutions have a legal duty to act beyond their immediate remit to recognize those connections, work with unusual suspects. And so we're seeing hospitals in Wales working with the National Botanic Gardens to create spaces for nature on their sites. We're seeing offices in our environmental agency helping to find solutions to tackle childhood adversity. Make well-being your metrics. Test everything you do across the four pillars of well-being: social, economic, environmental and cultural. Because for too long, governments have tested their success on the measures of economic growth and increases in GVA.

我们的机构有法律义务采取 超越其直接职权范围的行动， 去认识到这些联系， 与不同寻常的嫌疑对象合作。 因此，我们会看到威尔士的医院 会与国家植物园合作， 在他们的地盘上 为大自然创造空间。 我们看到环保部门的官员正在 帮助寻找解决儿童逆境的方案， 让福祉成为你的衡量标准。 检验你在福祉的四大支柱 所做的一切： 社会，经济，环境和文化。 因为长期以来， 各国政府都在以经济增长 实现总附加值增长 作为衡量他们成功的指标。

But in Wales, our measures of success are around our seven well-being goals. So when the government thought it was a good idea to spend 1.4 billion pounds building a new motorway, a simple application of these well-being metrics told them that, actually, if you want to improve people's health, if you want to meet your carbon emissions targets, if you want to protect nature and if you want to direct your resources to those with the lowest incomes, a much better option would be public transport and active travel. And so that's what they're doing.

但是在威尔士，我们成功的标准 围绕着我们的七个福祉目标。 因此，当政府认为斥资 14 亿英镑 修建一条新高速公路是个好主意时， 我们就可以简单地去 应用这些福祉的指标 告诉他们，实际上， 如果您想改善人们的健康， 并且想要实现碳排放目标， 如果您想保护自然， 并且希望将资源分配 给收入最低的人群， 那么更好的选择是在公共交通 和主动旅行上进行投入。 这就是它们起到的作用。

Make it your mission to maximize your contribution to well-being. So when we're seeing plans for economic stimulus in green jobs and energy efficiency measures in homes post-COVID, they're really good ideas. But make sure you target those jobs towards those furthest from the labor market, because otherwise, you'll be missing opportunities to address inequality, too. Think about your projects holistically. Don't save carbon by putting solar panels on your new hospital and then spend it in another area by failing to consider how patients are going to travel there sustainably.

将最大限度地去为福祉做贡献 当作您的使命。 因此，当我们看到 为新冠疫情后的阶段， 做出的绿色就业的经济刺激计划 和家庭能源效率措施时， 它们确实是很好主意。 但是，请确保将那些 劳动力市场中最偏远的人群 纳入这些工作的定位中， 因为，不然，我们依然失去了 解决不平等现象的机会。 全面考虑您的项目。 不要通过在新医院上 放置太阳能电池板来节省碳， 之后又因不考虑患者 如何可持续地在该区域旅行， 而将其用于别处。

Well, in Cardiff, our capital city, like many others across the world, we're blighted by high levels of air pollution, long commutes, congested roads and big differences in life expectancy between the richest and the poorest. So what is our act doing to make a difference? Well, first of all, it requires our public institutions to work together. And so, as a result, the public health consultant was seconded from the health board to the local council to lead on the transportation strategy. And when you apply a public health lens to a transport problem, you get a different set of solutions.

与世界上许多其他国家一样， 我们的首都，卡迪夫， 空气污染指数很高， 通勤时间长，道路拥挤， 最富裕和最贫穷的人之间的 预期寿命差异很大， 这让我们感到困惑。 那么，我们应该怎样去改变这些呢？ 好吧，首先， 这需要我们的公共机构共同努力。 这样一来， 把公共健康顾问会从卫生委员会 借调到了地方议会 来领导公共交通策略。 而且，当我们将公共健康视角 应用于交通问题时， 我们会获得另一套解决方案。

The public institutions realized that between them, they were employing 30,000 people in Cardiff, so they're now incentivizing their employees to travel sustainably. We've seen a tenfold increase in investment in safe routes to cycle and to walk, and we've targeted that cycling and walking infrastructure towards those neighborhoods who have the highest level of air pollution and the lowest life expectancy.

公共机构意识到他们彼此在 卡迪夫雇用了三万名员工。 因此，他们现在正在激励员工 以可持续的方式旅行。 我们已经看到在自行车和安全步行 路线上的投资增加了十倍， 我们已经将自行车 和步行基础设施的目标对准了 空气污染水平最高， 预期寿命最低的那些社区。

And in Cardiff, doctors can issue prescriptions, not just for statins, but for free bike hire for those who would benefit from increasing their physical activity. And when we've constructed our cycling infrastructure, we've also built in sustainable drainage, taking away over 40,000 cubic meters of water from an unsustainable drainage system through nature-based solutions. And in doing that, we've created sites for nature, we've cleaned and greened communities, and we've transformed concrete jungles. And when you travel from this area to our city center, you'll be met with areas which are closed off to traffic, where people can meet and businesses can trade outside the splendor of our medieval castle.

在卡迪夫 ，医生不仅可以为 他汀类药物开处方， 还可以为那些将 因加强体育锻炼而受益的人 免费提供自行车租赁服务。 当我们建立自行车基础设施时， 我们还建立了可持续的排水系统， 通过基于自然的解决方案， 从一个不可持续的排水系统中 带走了四万立方米的水。 在这样做的过程中， 我们为自然创造了空间， 我们清洁和绿化了社区， 并且转变了混凝土丛林。 当您从该地区前往我们的市中心时， 会遇到一些禁止通行的地方， 人们可以在那里会面， 并且商家也可以在我们 壮观的中世纪城堡外进行买卖。

So this is how we're embedding well-being in what we do in Wales. This is how we're protecting the interests of future generations. This is how we're acting today for a better tomorrow.

因此，这就是我们将福祉 融入我们在威尔士工作的方式， 这就是我们保护 子孙后代利益的方式， 这就是我们今天的行动， 为了创造更好的明天。