听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:一个化敌为友的经验，希望你会喜欢！

【演讲者及介绍】Leah Garcés

Leah Garcés为结束动物剥削而斗争。

【演讲主题】一个把对手变成盟友的经验

A lesson in turning adversaries into allies

【中英文字幕】

翻译者Bill Fu 校对者Lark Yu

In the summer of 2014, I found myself sitting across from a man who, by every definition, was my enemy. His name was Craig Watts, and he's a chicken factory farmer. My career is devoted to protecting farmed animals and ending factory farming. And up until this point in my life, I had spent every waking moment standing up against everything this man stood for, and now, I was in his living room.

2014 年的夏天， 我和一个男人面对面坐着， 用任何标准界定， 他都是我的敌人。 他叫克雷格·瓦茨 （Craig Watts）， 是一名养鸡场的农场主。 而我的工作则是 致力于保护养殖动物， 并终结工厂化养殖。 而一直以来， 我把清醒的每分每秒都用来 反对这个男人所支持的一切， 而现在，我就在他家的客厅。

The day I met Craig Watts he had been raising chickens for 22 years for a company called Perdue, the fourth largest chicken company in the entire country. And as a young man, he had yearned for this way to stay on the land in one of the poorest counties in the state. So when the chicken industry came to town, he thought, "This is a dream come true." He took a quarter of a million dollar loan out, and he built these chicken houses. Perdue would give him a flock, he'd raise them, and each flock he'd get paid, and then he'd pay off in small increments that loan, like a mortgage. But pretty soon, the chickens got sick.

在遇见我之前， 克雷格·瓦茨（Craig Watts） 一直为一个名叫 柏杜（Perdue）的公司养鸡， 已经长达 22 年， 这是一家全国第四大养鸡公司。 而作为一个年轻人， 他渴望找到一种 扎根这片土地的方法， 这里是该州最贫困的县之一。 所以当养鸡公司 来到这个镇的时候， 他觉得“梦想成真”了。 他借了 25 万美元的贷款 来建造鸡舍。 柏杜每次给他一群雏鸡， 他把雏鸡养大， 然后按批获得报酬， 然后再一点点付清贷款， 就像按揭一样。 但是没过多久，鸡得病了。

It's a factory farm, after all, there are 25,000 chickens that are stuffed wall-to-wall, living on their own feces, breathing ammonia-laden air. And when chickens get sick, some of them die. And you don't get paid for dead chickens, and Craig started to struggle to pay off his loan, he realized he made a mistake, but he was all but an indentured servant at this stage. When I met him, he was at a breaking point. The payments seemed never-ending. As did the death, despair and illness of his chickens.

毕竟这是养殖工厂， 25000 只鸡 塞满了整个鸡舍， 生活在它们自己的排泄物之上， 呼吸着充满粪便臭味儿的空气。 一旦有鸡生病， 其中一些就会死去， 而死掉的那部分则血本无归。 于是克雷格开始拼命偿还贷款， 他意识到自己犯了一个错误， 但现阶段， 他只是个签了契约的服务方。 在我见到他的时候， 他已经处在破产边缘了， 待付款项似乎和鸡的死亡、 绝望，还有疾病一样， 永远没有尽头。

Now, if we humans tried to think of some super unjust, unfair, filthy and cruel food system, we could not have thought of anything worse than factory farming. Eighty billion farmed animals around the world annually are raised and slaughtered. They're stuffed in cages and warehouses never to see the light of day. And that's not just a problem for those farmed animals. Animal agriculture, it accounts for more greenhouse gas emissions than all of the planes, trains and automobiles put together. And one third of our arable land is used to grow feed to feed factory-farmed animals, rather than ourselves. And all that land is sprayed with immeasurable chemicals. And ecologically important habitats, like the Amazon, are cut down and are burnt, all so we can feed and house farmed animals.

现在要人类想出 一个特别不公平的、 肮脏、残酷的食物系统， 没有比工厂化养殖更糟糕的了。 每年，全世界有 800 亿只养殖动物 被豢养并屠杀。 它们被塞在笼子 和仓库中不见天日。 而这种现象不仅仅 存在于动物养殖业。 畜牧业 排放的温室气体 比所有飞机、火车 和汽车排放的总和还多。 而三分之一的可耕土地被用来 种植饲料喂养工厂的养殖动物， 而不是供养人类。 这些土地都被喷洒了 无法计量的化学物质。 那些生态栖息地， 像亚马逊， 也被无情地乱砍滥伐和焚烧， 以用来喂养和圈养家畜动物。

By the time my three kids grow up, there's very unlikely to be polar bears, Sumatran elephants, orangutans. In my lifetime, the number of birds, amphibians, reptiles and mammals has halved. And the main culprit is our global appetite for meat, dairy and eggs. And for me, up until this point, the villain was Craig Watts.

等我的 3 个孩子长大了， 很可能就没有北极熊、 苏门答腊大象，和红毛猩猩了。 在我的有生之年， 鸟类、两栖类、爬行类， 和哺乳类动物的数量已经减半了。 而罪魁祸首 就是全球对于肉类、奶制品 和蛋类食品的需求。 而在这一刻，对我来说， 克雷格·瓦茨就是那个恶人。

And as I sat there in his living room, my fear and my anger turned into something else. Shame. My whole life I had spent blaming him, hating him, I even wished him ill. I had never once thought about his struggle, his choices. Could he be a potential ally? I never had thought he feels as trapped as the chickens.

而当我坐在他家客厅的时候， 恐惧和愤怒则转变成了 另一种情感—— 羞愧。 我始终都在指责他， 厌恶他， 我甚至希望他生病。 但我从未思考过 他经历的挣扎和选择。 他会是一个潜在的盟友吗？ 我从来没有想过 他就和他的鸡一样 陷入了困境。

So we had been sitting there for hours and the midday turned into afternoon, turned into dusk, turned into darkness, and he suddenly said, "OK, are you ready to see the chickens?" So under the cover of darkness, we walked towards one of these long, gray houses. And he swung open the door and we stepped inside, and we were hit with this overpowering smell and every muscle in my body tensed up and I coughed and my eyes teared. I was too overwhelmed by my own physical discomfort, I didn't even look around at first, but when I did, what I saw brought me to tears. Tens of thousands of newly hatched chicks in this darkened warehouse with nowhere to go and nothing to do.

我们促膝长谈了好几个小时， 从中午到下午， 然后到黄昏，再到夜幕降临， 他突然提议： “好，你准备好去看那些鸡了吗？” 所以在夜色笼罩下， 我们走向一栋很长的灰色房子。 他打开了门， 我们走了进去， 一股强烈的刺鼻气味 立刻扑面而来， 我浑身肌肉紧绷， 一边咳嗽一边流泪。 身体的不适反应 让我无所适从， 以至于我一开始 都无暇顾及周围的景象， 但当我回过神来， 面前的景象 让我不禁潸然泪下。 上万只新孵出的小鸡 身处昏暗的仓库里， 无处可去、无所事事。

Over the next few months, I returned many times, with filmmaker Raegan Hodge, to record, to understand, to build trust with Craig. And I walked his houses with him as he picked up dead and dying birds, birds with messed-up legs and trouble breathing and difficulty walking. And all of this we caught on film. And then we decided to do something I don't think either he or I ever expected to do when we first met. We decided to release that footage. And that was really risky for both of us. It was risky for him because he could lose his income, his home, his land, his neighbors hating him. And I could risk getting my organization sued, or being the reason that he would lose everything, but we had to do it anyway.

在接下来的几个月， 我多次返回， 和电影制片人 雷根·霍奇 （Raegan Hodge）一起， 去记录，去理解， 并与克雷格建立信任。 我和他一起去往仓库， 看他捡起已死去 和垂死挣扎的小鸡， 有些鸡腿有问题， 有的呼吸困难， 还有的不能正常走路。 我们把所有这些 都记录在了影片里。 然后我们决定要做些什么， 我们第一次见面的时候 应该都没想过会这么做。 我们决定公开这部影片。 这对我们双方来说 风险都很高。 因为他有可能会失去收入， 失去家和土地， 而他的邻居们会嫉恨他。 而我所在的组织可能会被起诉， 这甚至会成为 让他失去一切的根源， 但我们义无反顾地这么做了。

"The New York Times" broke the story and within 24 hours, a million people had seen our video. It went viral by every definition, and suddenly we had this global platform for talking about factory farming. And working with Craig got me thinking. What other unlikely allies are out there? What other progress, what other lessons can I learn if I cross those enemy lines?

《纽约时报》报导了这件事， 而且在 24 小时之内， 就有 100 万人 看过了我们的视频。 这段视频很快就火了起来， 突然间，我们就有了 这么一个全球性平台 讨论工厂化养殖。 而和克雷格一起工作的经历 让我开始思考: 周围还有多少似乎不太可能 成为盟友的人？ 如果越过敌我线， 还有其他什么进展 和经验可以学习吗？

The first lesson I learned is that we have to become comfortable with being uncomfortable. Only talking to people who agree with us, it's not going to get us to the solution. We have to be willing to enter other people's space. Because quite often, the enemy has the power to change the problem that we're trying to solve. In my case, I'm not in charge of a single chicken. The farmer is and so are the meat companies. So I need to enter their space if I want to solve the problem.

我学到的第一条经验就是， 要走出舒适圈。 只和与我们有相同看法的人交谈， 是不会让我们得到解决方案的。 我们必须愿意去涉足他人的领域。 因为通常情况下， “敌人”才有能力去解决 我们想要解决的问题。 在我的案例中， 我不掌管哪怕一只饲养鸡。 权利都在养鸡人 和肉类企业手中。 所以如果我想要解决问题， 就需要涉足他们的领域。

And a couple of years after working with Craig, I did something again I never expected to do. I sat down with an even bigger so-called enemy: Jim Perdue himself. The man I had made the villain of my viral video. And again, through difficult conversations and being uncomfortable, Perdue came out with the first animal care policy of any poultry company. In it, they agreed to do some of the things we had criticized them for not doing in the viral video, like put windows into houses. And pay for them. And that was a really important lesson for me.

在我和克雷格 一起工作了几年之后， 我又做了一件我未曾意料的事。 我和一个更大的， 所谓的“敌人”坐在了一起： 吉姆·珀杜（Jim Perdue） 本人。 在视频里被我当作恶人的那个男人。 经过又一次 令人坐卧不安的艰难对话后， 柏杜提出了家禽业有史以来的 第一个动物关爱政策。 他们同意去做 在视频中我们指责他们 没有做到的一些事项， 像是在仓库里安装窗户等， 并支付这笔投入。 那是我人生的重要一课。

The second lesson is that when we sit down to negotiate with the enemy, we need to remember, there's a human being in front of us that very likely has more in common with us than we care to admit.

第二条经验是， 当我们坐下来和敌人 交涉的时候， 要记住，我们面前的也是人， 而且他和我们之间的共同点 要比我们愿意承认的还多。

And I learned this firsthand when I was invited to visit at a major poultry company's headquarters. And it was the first time that my organization had been invited, and any organization had been invited, to visit with them. And as we walked through the corridor, there were literally people who were peeking our from the cubicles to get a quick look at what does an animal rights activist look like, and we walked -- I look like this, so I don't know what they were expecting.

而我是在被邀请 参观一家大型家禽企业总部时 领悟到这一点的。 这也是我所在的机构 首次被邀请， 我们也是第一个 被他们邀请参观的组织。 当我们经过走廊的时候， 真的有人从隔间里伸出头来偷看， 看看动物权利活动家 到底长什么样， 然后我们往前走—— 我就长这样，我不知道 他们想象的是什么样。

But as we walked into the boardroom, there was an executive who was in charge, sitting there. And his arms were crossed and he did not want me to be there. And I flipped open my laptop, and my background photo came up, and it was a picture of my three kids. My daughter clearly looks different than my sons. And when he saw that photo he uncrossed his arms and he tilted his head and he leaned forward and he said, "Are those your kids?" And I said, "Yeah. I just got back from adopting my daughter -- " And I babbled on way too much for a professional meeting. And he stopped me and he said, "I have two adopted kids." And for the next 20 minutes, we just talked about that. We talked about adoption and being a parent and in those moments, we forgot who we were supposed to be at that table. And the walls came down, and a bridge was built and we crossed this divide. And more progress was made with that company because of that human connection that we made.

但是当我们走进会议室， 有一名主管正坐在那儿。 他双臂交叉， 看起来并不想见到我。 我打开笔记本电脑， 屏幕背景亮了起来， 是我 3 个孩子的照片。 我女儿明显看起来 和儿子们不一样。 当他看到照片的时候 就松开了交叉的手臂， 歪了歪头，探身问道： “他们都是你的孩子吗？” 我说：“是啊。 我刚办完 领养女儿的手续回来——” 然后我就在这个正式会议上 闲扯了半天。 他叫停了我，说道： “我也领养了两个孩子。” 在接下来的 20 分钟里， 我们就只是在聊这个话题。 聊领养孩子和怎么当一个家长， 而在那些时刻， 我们全然忘记了 自己在那张桌子前 所代表的身份。 而横亘在我们之间的墙 轰然倒塌， 一座连接之桥拔地而起， 让我们跨越了分歧。 我们和那家企业之间 有了巨大的进展， 这都要归功于我们之间 所建立的情感连接。

My last lesson for you is that when we sit down with the so-called enemy, we need to look for the win-win. Instead of going in with farmers like Craig Watts and thinking, "I need to put them out of farming," I started to think how can I help them be different kinds of farmers, like, growing hemp or mushrooms. And a farmer I later worked with did exactly that. He did do the exposé with me and filmed, and we went with "The New York Times" again, but he went beyond that. He quit chicken factory farming, and it turns out that those big, long, gray warehouses are the perfect environment for growing something else.

最后一条我想要分享的经验， 就是当我们和所谓的“敌人” 坐到一起的时候， 需要寻找一个双赢结果。 与克雷格·瓦茨这样的养殖人 持有的“我要把他们 赶出养殖业”的看法不同， 我开始思考要怎么样 帮他们成为不一样的农民， 像是种植麻类植物或者菌类。 而我之后遇到的一个农民 刚好就是这么做的。 他和我一起拍摄了纪实影片， 我们又找到《纽约时报》， 但他又更进了一步。 他退出了养鸡业， 然后却发现 那些又大又长的灰色仓库 也能是种植其他作物的 完美场所。

That's hemp, people, that's hemp.

就是大麻，各位。

Here is an environmentally friendly way to stay on the land, to pay the bills, that a vegan animal rights activist and a chicken farmer can get behind.

这是一个对环境有益、 留住土地的方式， 可以解决生活开支， 是一个素食和动物权利活动家 以及一个养鸡人力所能及的。

And instead of thinking, how can I get these big meat companies out of business, I started thinking, how can I help them evolve into a different kind of business. One where the protein doesn't come from slaughtered animals, but rather, plants. And believe it or not, these big companies are starting to move their ships in that direction. Cargill and Tyson and Perdue are adding plant-based proteins into their supply chain. And Perdue himself said that, "Our company is a premium protein company, and nothing about that says that it has to come from animals." And in my own home town of Atlanta, KFC did a one-day trial with Beyond Meat, for plant-based chicken nuggets. And it was insane, there were lines wrapped around the corner, there was traffic stopped in all directions, you would think they were giving out free Beyoncé tickets. People are ready for this shift.

比起思考， 怎么让这些 大型肉类企业停止经营， 我更应该思考 怎么帮他们实现业务转型。 不是通过宰杀动物 来获取蛋白质， 而是从植物获取。 而且无论你相信与否， 这些大企业正在往那个方向探索。 嘉吉（Cargill）公司、泰森（Tyson）食品 和柏杜农场正在把植物蛋白 添加到他们的供应链之中。 而柏杜本人也说过： “我们是一家提供 优质蛋白质的公司， 但并没有声称必须来自动物。” 而在我的家乡亚特兰大， 肯德基和 Beyond Meat 公司合作 推出了植食鸡块的一日试营业。 群众的反应简直太疯狂， 等待的队伍一直排到角落， 各个方向交通严重堵塞。 你们可能会以为他们 在免费发放碧昂斯演唱会的门票。 人们已经准备好面对转变。

We need to build a big tent that everyone can get under. From the chicken factory farmer, to the mega meat company, to the animal rights activist. And these lessons, they can apply to many causes, whether it be with a problem with an ex, a neighbor or an in-law. Or with some of the biggest problems of exploitation and oppression, like factory farming, or misogyny or racism or climate change. The world's smallest and biggest problems, they won't be solved by beating down our enemies but by finding these win-win pathways together. It does require us to let go of that idea of us versus them and realize there's only one us, all of us, against an unjust system. And it is difficult, and messy, and uncomfortable. But it is critical. And maybe the only way to build that compassionate food system that we all, from the chicken to the chicken farmer to the mega meat company, to all of us, deserve.

我们需要建立一个 能容纳所有人的巨型平台。 从工厂养鸡人， 到大型肉类企业， 再到动物权利活动家。 而这些经验教训 可以应用到各个方面， 不管是和前任、邻居， 还是和配偶、家人间的矛盾。 又或者是某个有关 严重剥削和压迫的问题， 诸如工业化养殖、 厌女症、种族歧视，或气候变化。 这个世界上大大小小的难题， 都不是通过打败对手得到解决的， 而是要通过共同寻找 实现双赢的途径。 这就需要我们 不把自己和对方放在对立面， 并意识到我们都属于同一边， 我们所有人要 共同对抗一个不公平的系统。 这很困难， 很麻烦，很棘手。 但至关重要。 而且这可能是 建立富有同理心的 食品系统的唯一方式， 一个从鸡到养鸡人， 到巨型肉类企业， 再到我们所有人， 都值得拥有的系统。

Thank you.

谢谢。