听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:任何COVID-19应对措施都应满足的5项需求，希望你会喜欢！
【演讲者及介绍】Kwame Owusu-Kesse
Kwame Owusu-Kesse确保了哈莱姆儿童区的规划、财务和行政功能，并担任学生和工作人员的导师和顾问。
【演讲主题】任何COVID-19应对措施都应满足的5项需求
5 needs that any COVID-19 response should meet
【中英文字幕】
翻译者psjmz mz校对者Yanyan Hong
It is such a blessing to work at the Harlem Children's Zone, an African-American-led organization that has pioneered the field of comprehensive place-based services, from cradle to career. And that word, "comprehensive," is so key to what we do.
能在哈莱姆儿童社区组织工作让我感到非常荣幸。这是一格个非裔美国人领导的组织致力于开拓一种基于地方的服务，从摇篮到职场的“综合”服务，“综合”这个词对于我们的工作至关重要。
You know, most interventions focus on one piece of a complicated, giant puzzle. But that's not enough to solve the puzzle. You don't solve education without understanding the home context or the home environment of our young scholar. Or the broader context of health, nutrition or criminal justice.
大多数的干预措施都专注于一个巨大且复杂的难题的某个方面，但这并不足以解决问题。你无法解决教育问题，若不清楚我们的年轻学生的家庭情况或所处环境。或者他们的健康、营养和刑事司法等更广泛的情况。
The unit of change for us is not the individual child, it's the entire neighborhood. You have to do multiple things at the same time. And we have 20 years of data to prove that this works. We've had 7,000 graduates of our baby college, we've eliminated the Black-white achievement gap in our schools. We've reduced obesity rates in our health programs and have close to 1,000 students enrolled in college. We weave together a net of services so tightly, so that no one will fall through the cracks.
对于我们来说，改变的单位不是单个孩子，而是整个社区。你需要在同一时间完成大量的事情，我们有20年的数据可以证明这个是有成效的。我们的宝贝学院已经有7,000位毕业生，我们也已经消除了在我们学校里黑人和白人间的成就差距。通过健康计划，我们降低了肥胖率，并有近1,000个学生被大学录取。我们将一系列的服务紧紧结合在一起，所以不会有人被遗漏。
And we've inspired global practitioners. We've had over 500-plus communities across the US and 70-plus countries come and visit us to learn our model. You see, the problems of the globe, and the problems of the world are not neatly siloed into buckets. So therefore the solutions must be comprehensive, they must be holistic.
我们也启发了国际上的实践者。已经有500多个美国团体和超过70个国家的团体来参观和学习我们的模式。可见全球的问题、世界的问题并不是整齐地装入一个桶里的。所以解决问题的方法必须是全面的，必须是整体的。
And now we're in the midst of a global pandemic. COVID-19 has revealed to us what we always knew to be true. The poorest among us pay the highest price with their lives and their livelihood. And that's playing out every day in the African American community, where we're 3.6 times more likely to die of COVID than our white counterparts. We're seeing those health disparities on the ground in New York City, our nation's epicenter. And to compound the impact of the health disparities, there's significant economic devastation, where one in four of our families in Harlem report food insecurity, and 57 percent report a loss of income or a loss of their job.
现在我们处于全球疫情之中。新冠肺炎向我们揭示了我们一直以来都知道的事实。我们中最贫困的人为他们的生命和生活支付着最高昂的代价。这在非裔美国群体中每日都在上演，我们死于新冠疫情的概率是白人同胞的3.6倍。我们看到这个健康差距发生在纽约，我们国家的震中。加剧健康差距影响的是，严重的经济破坏导致四分之一在哈莱姆的家庭反映了食品短缺危机，57%的家庭失去了收入或工作。
But to better understand the work of the Harlem Children's Zone, I want to share a story with you, about a second-grade scholar named Sean. Sean is a beautiful Black boy whose smile would light up any room that he's in. And when quarantine began in March, we noticed that Sean wasn't attending virtual school. And after some investigation, we've come to learn that Sean's mom was hospitalized due to COVID. So he was at home with grandma and his baby sibling, who was his only viable support system, since Sean's father is incarcerated. Grandma was struggling. There wasn't much food in the household, limited diapers, and Sean didn't even have a computer. When mom was released from the hospital, their challenges deepened, because they could no longer stay with grandma, due to her preexisting health conditions. So Sean, his baby sibling and his mom had to go to a shelter.
为了更好地理解哈莱姆儿童社区的工作，我想跟你们分享一个故事，一个二年级的学生肖恩的故事。肖恩是一个美好的黑人男孩，他的笑容会点亮他在的任何房间。当三月份的隔离开始，我们发现肖恩并没有参加线上课程。通过一番调查之后，我们发现肖恩的妈妈因为新冠肺炎住院了。所以，他与他的祖母和兄弟在家，因为他的父亲进了监狱，所以他们成了肖恩唯一能够依靠的支柱。祖母步履维艰。家里的食物不是很多，尿布有限，肖恩也没有电脑。当妈妈出院之后，他们的挑战加剧了，因为基于她的健康状况，他们不能再跟祖母待在一起。所以肖恩，他的弟弟和他的妈妈不得不去避难所。
Sean's story is not typical at the Harlem Children's Zone. We know Sean and millions like him all across the country deserve to have everything that this world has to offer, without inequality robbing them of that opportunity. All the result of racism and historical and systemic underinvestment are now compounded by COVID-19. Our comprehensive model uniquely positions the Harlem Children's Zone in the fight of COVID.
肖恩的故事在哈莱姆儿童社区并不是典型。我们知道肖恩和全国数百万个和他一样的孩子们值得拥有这个世界应该给予的一切东西，没有不平等去剥夺他们的机会。所有种族歧视的不平等以及历史和系统的投资不足现在都被新冠肺炎加重了。我们的全面模式独特地定位了抗击新冠疫情的哈莱姆儿童社区。
The success that we have on the ground in Harlem makes it imperative, and it is our responsibility to share what we know works with the country. We have developed a comprehensive COVID-19 relief and recovery response for our community, that was surfaced from our community, focused on five primary areas of need, and already servicing families like Sean's. They are the following.
我们在哈莱姆区的成功使它成为当务之急，我们有责任与国家分享我们所知道的行之有效的方法。我们为社区制定了新冠肺炎疫情防控和恢复的全面对策，这个对策源于我们的社区，着重在五个主要的需求领域，并且已经服务像肖恩这样的家庭。这些措施如下：
One, emergency relief funds. We know that our families need cash in their hands right now.
第一，紧急救助基金。我们知道我们的家庭需要手上立马有现金。
Two, protecting our most vulnerable. We know our families need access to essential goods and information. So that is food, that's masks, that's a curated resource list and public health campaigns.
第二，保护最脆弱的群体。我们知道我们的家庭需要获取必需品和信息。要有食物，口罩，精心策划的资源清单和公共卫生活动。
Three, bridging the digital divide. We believe that internet is a fundamental right. So we need to ensure our families have connectivity, and also all school-age children in a household have the proper learning devices.
第三，消除数字鸿沟。我们认为互联网是基础权利。所以我们需要确保我们的家庭能够联网，并且家中所有学龄儿童有适当的学习设备。
Four, zero learning loss. We know that there's a generation of students at risk of losing an entire year of their education. We need to make sure that we are providing high-quality virtual programing, in addition to having safe reentry planned for school reentry.
第四，学习零损耗。我们清楚有一代的学生有失去整个学年的风险。除了安全返校的计划，我们需要确保提供高质量的虚拟课程。
And five, mitigating the mental health crisis. There's a generation at risk of having PTSD, due to the massive amounts of toxic stress. We need to ensure that our families have access to telehealth and other virtual supports.
第五，减轻心理健康危机。这代人有患创伤后应激障碍的风险，因为这些大量的有毒害的压力。我们需要确保我们的家庭能够获得远程医疗服务和其他虚拟支持。
We have six amazing partners across six cities in the United States that are adopting our model for their own context in their community. They are Oakland, Minneapolis, Chicago, Detroit, Newark and Atlanta. In addition to those partners, we have three national partners, who will be sharing our model and sharing our strategies through their network, in addition to amplifying our impact by policy advocacy.
我们在美国的六个城市有六个很棒的合作伙伴针对他们自己的社区情况采纳我们的模式。它们是奥克兰，明尼阿波利斯，芝加哥，底特律，纽瓦克和亚特兰大。除了这些伙伴之外，我们还有三个国家伙伴，他们将会通过他们的网络分享我们的模式和策略，以及通过政策宣传扩大我们的影响。
We will have impact on three levels. Individual impact on the ground in Harlem, across a number of outcomes in education, in health, in economics, reaching 30,000 people. There's community-level impact across six cities, again through our amazing partners, that will reach an additional 70,000 people. And then national impact, not only through policy advocacy, but through capacity building at scale.
我们将会在三个层面上产生影响。对哈莱姆地区的个人影响，覆盖了教育、健康、经济方面的一系列产出，惠及了三万人。还有跨越六个城市社区层面的影响，再一次通过我们了不起的伙伴，这将会惠及额外七万人。然后是国家层面的影响力，不仅通过政策倡导，但通过大规模的能力建设。
Our answer to COVID-19, the despair and inequities plaguing our communities, is targeting neighborhoods with comprehensive services. We have certainly not lost hope. And we invite you to join us on the front lines of this war.
我们对新冠疫情，以及一直困扰我们社区的绝望和不平等的响应是为社区提供全面综合的服务。我们当然没有失去希望。在这场战争的前沿，我们诚邀您的加入。
Thank you.
谢谢。