听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:如何让每个孩子在五岁前茁壮成长，希望你会喜欢！
【演讲人以及介绍】Molly Wright
澳大利亚昆士兰的一名学生
【演讲主题】
如何让每个孩子在五岁前茁壮成长。翻译：Cheng Min Lau校正：Yanyan Hong
00:02
[Baby cooing][宝宝牙牙学语]
00:20
What if I was to tell youthat a game of peekaboo could change the world?Sounds impossible, right?Well, I’m here today to prove it’s not.
如果我告诉你们躲猫猫这个游戏可以改变世界呢？听起来很不可思议，对吧？好吧，那我今天就来证明它的可能。
00:36
Hi, I’m Molly and I’m seven.And this is my little friend, Ari.Say “Hi,” Ari.Hi.Oh, and this is my neighbor, Amarjot.He has to take Ari away now to get ready for our experiment.But don't worry, they'll be back.
嗨，我是莫莉，我七岁了。这是我的小伙伴，阿里。说“嗨”，阿里。嗨。哦，还有，这是我的邻居， 阿玛尔约特。他现在得把阿里带走 来准备我们的试验。但别担心，他们会回来的。
00:56
My talk today is about some powerful things you grownups can do.that shape us as children and the adults we become.How do I know?Because my parents and people around me did them early and often.I know not all kids are as lucky.Some of my friends, some kids at my school and many around the world.And I would really like to help change that.Thanks to scientists,we now know just how important the first five years arefor our health and development,especially our brains.Ari started learning long before he was even born,from inside his mommy’s tummy.When Ari was born,he was tiny and he cried all the time.He was always hungry and he pooped a lot.
我今天的演讲是关于你们这些大人 可以做的一些很厉害的事，它们充盈了我们的童年， 并成就了我们的未来。我是怎么知道的呢？因为我父母和身边的人 从小就做这样做，也常常做。我知道不是所有的小孩子都如此幸运。我的一些朋友，我学校里的一些孩子， 还有很多世界各地的孩子。所以，我真的很想要改变这一现状。感谢科学家们，我们现在知道，五岁前的成长对我们的健康和发展是多么重要，尤其是我们的大脑。阿里早在出生前就已经开始学习了，从他在妈妈的肚子里开始。当阿里出生时，他很小，也一直在哭。他总是肚子饿，也拉得很多。
01:47
[Laughter]
01:49
Now he laughs and giggles and makes funny noises.But those are just the changes we hear and see.That’s way more going on inside.
他现在常常咯咯咯地笑， 还发出奇奇怪怪的声音。但这些只是我们看到和听到的变化，在他身体里面， 发生了更多的变化。
02:00
So, let’s talk more about our brains.The blue bag is a rough size and weight of a healthy baby’s brain at birth.The red one is a baby’s brain after the first year.It almost doubles in volume.And by my age, it's almost 90 percent the volume of an adult brain.Our brains develop faster in our early yearsthan at any other time in our lives.It can create up to one million neural connections every second.But we need your help.Our healthy development depends on these top five things,One, connecting; two, talking;three, playing; four, a healthy home,five; community.All of this helps our brains and us reach our full potential.
那么，让我们来谈谈我们的大脑。图中蓝色袋子的大小和重量 和一个健康宝宝出生时的大脑差不多，图中红色的是宝宝一岁后的大脑，它的体积长了近两倍。当到了我这么大时， 它几乎是成年人大脑体积的 90%。与人生其他阶段相比， 我们的大脑在幼年时期发育得更快，它每秒可以产生多达 100 万个神经连接，但我们需要你们的帮助。我们的健康发展取决于这五个方面。第一，建立联系；第二，说话；第三，玩耍； 第四，一个健康的家庭；第五，社区。这些帮助我们和我们的大脑 来充分发挥我们的潜力。
03:00
So what’s something you can do that can really make a difference?Scientists call it serve and return.That’s just a grown-up way of saying connect, talk and play with us.And here’s the really big news.Amarjot, Ari, you ready?
那么，我们能做些什么 才能带来真正的改变呢？科学家们称之为给予和回应。这就是成年人所谓的 与孩子互动、说话和玩耍。而现在才是重头戏。阿玛尔约特，阿里，准备好了吗？
03:19
(Audio) Amajat: Ready?（音频）阿玛尔约特：好了？
03:21
Molly Wright: Copycat games build imagination and empathy.
莫莉·莱特：模仿游戏可以建立 想象力和同理心
03:25
(Amarjot and Ari laughing)
（阿玛尔约特和阿里在笑）
03:29
Naming games build vocabulary and attention.
命名游戏可以增强词汇量和专注力。
03:33
Amarjot: Daddy. Ari. Daddy. Ari.
阿：爸爸，阿里。爸爸，阿里。
03:38
MW: And games like peekabo -- yep, peekaboo --actually build memory and trust.
莫：还有像是躲猫猫的游戏—— 对，躲猫猫——可以建立记忆和信任。
03:44
Amarjot: Peekaboo!
阿玛尔约特：皮卡布！
03:46
MW: Each time you talk to us, play with us, make us laugh,it not only builds and strengthens our relationships and mental health,it actually teaches us some of the most important life skills,from making friends to taking the test,to getting a job,to one day maybe even starting a family of our own.Interactions early and often matter.Take it from me,the seven-year-old up here talking about brain science.
莫莉：每一次你们和我们说话， 和我们玩，逗我们笑，这不止建立和巩固 我们的关系和精神健康，它也能教我们 一些最重要的人生技能，从交朋友到参加考试，到找工作，到甚至在未来的某一天建立自己的家庭。幼年时期的互动往往很重要。相信我，一个站在这里说着脑科学的七岁小孩。
04:17
(Laughter)
04:18
OK, now let’s see what happens when the connection is taken away.So now he’s trying to get his dad’s attention again.He’s reaching out like, “That was fun, why have you stopped?”
好的，让我们现在来看看 当这个亲自联系不在时会发生什么，他现在想再次引起他爸爸的注意。他伸出手像是在说： “刚刚很有趣啊，你为什么不玩了？”
04:34
(Ari cries)
04:36
I know it’s important for adults to use their devices sometimes,but kids are hardwired to seek out meaningful connections,not receiving them causes confusion and stress.OK, Amarjot, please re-engage.
我明白有时对成年人而言 看看他们的屏幕很重要，但是小孩子天生就会 要寻找有意义的互动，如果收不到回应， 就会给他们带来困惑和压力。好的，阿玛尔约特， 请重新回应阿里。
04:54
Amarjot: Ah, there’s Ari.
阿：啊，阿里在这儿。
04:56
(Ari laughs)
（阿里大笑）
05:01
MW: Now what if our whole childhood was like that last 30 seconds?How hard it would be for a child to feel calm.To feel safe.To learn to trust anyone.And the lifelong impact that would have.That makes me feel sad.Ari only reacted the way he did and recovered so quicklybecause the connection between him and his dad is usually so strong.The positive relationships with the grown-ups in our livesgives kids the confidence we needto try new things, to explore and be a kid.
莫：所以如果我们整个童年 都是像刚才那三十秒一样度过的呢？那样对于一个小孩来说，感到平静，感到安全学会相信别人会有多么困难，而这会带来一生的影响。这让我感到难过。阿里这样的反应 以及很快地恢复状态是因为他和父亲之间的关系是很牢固的。在我们的生命中 与大人之间的积极关系可以带给小孩子们所需的自信，去尝试新东西，去探索，做个小孩子。
05:49
So please,try to remember the most special period for our development isthe first five years.Starting from inside mommy’s tummy.What’s something really impactful you can do?Serve and return.And when?Early and often.Please give it up for a Amarjot and Ari.
所以，拜托你们，要记住，我们成长发展 阶段中的黄金时期是从出生后的五年，从在妈妈肚子里开始。你们能做什么 能真正带来影响的事情呢？给予和回应。那什么时候呢？尽早且尽可能多去做。请为阿玛尔约特和阿里鼓掌。
06:17
(Applause)
06:25
Every moment together is an opportunityto connect, talk and play.Imagine the difference we could make if everyone everywhere did this.To us, the children,it’s so much more than just a game.It's our future.
在一起的每一瞬间都是建立联系、去交谈和玩耍的机会。想象如果世界上的每个人都这么做， 我们将会带来什么不同。对于我们这些小孩，这不仅仅是一场小游戏，这是我们的未来。
06:54
Thank you.谢谢。
06:55
(Applause)
06:56
See? Peekaboo really can change the world.
看到吗？躲猫猫真的可以改变世界。
06:59
(Applause)
（掌声）