What is price inflation　什么是物价上涨

     China's creeping CPI inflation will continue to be a major concern in the market in the first half of 2011.
     The headline CPI is expected to remain stubbornly high at 4.5 percent year-on-year (YoY) in the first half of this year, primarily due to the carryover effect (base effect) accounting for two-thirds of the recent CPI hike, with the remaining third due to a new price driving force, ie, actual price increases-items which are gaining momentum on a monthon-month (MoM) basis.
     The CPI is expected to trend downward in 2011, however, posting a 4.5 percent reading in the first half and a 3.6 percent reading in the second half. Excluding the impact of the carryover effect, the new price driving force will remain strong.
     An examination and analysis of the country's CPI movements over the past four years has led to the following summarization:
     Recent CPI inflation has been mainly a function of rising food prices. By setting the comparable base at 100 for December, 2006, the nation's CPI increased by 14.9 percent over the past four years (4.5 percent YoY in December, 2010 according to CCBI's forecast). This was largely driven by a 40.8 percent hike in food CPI over the same period. Non-food CPI has remained fairly stable, rising only by 3.2 percent over the past four years.
     Food price inflation has been driven by both increasing demand and falling production. CCBI's analysis reveals that food price inflation has been positively correlated with average disposable income growth and industrial output growth but negatively correlated with grain production.
     Given the physical constraint on land resources and planting, the country's food price inflation is expected to become a permanent fixture of the economic landscape.
     PPI (producer price index) hikes have largely outstripped non-food CPI hikes in the past four years. Again, using the comparable base of 100 for December 2006, the analysis finds that the country's PPI has increased by a total of 14.3 percent (versus non-food CPI increasing by 3.2 percent) in the past four years, implying that: productivity improvements have partly digested cost inflation in many manufacturing sectors; some manufacturing sectors have little ability to pass cost inflation on to consumers; service prices have remained quite stable.
     Monetary policy will target long-term price stability over short-term movements in CPI. The analysis indicates the nation's policymakers have begun to factor core CPI (non-food and deducting energy prices) movements into their inflation assessments. The policymakers will likely adopt more administrative price controls while improving agricultural productivity in an effort to curb food price inflation.
     物价指数(Price Index)亦称商品价格指数(commodity price index，简称CPI)是反映各个时期商品价格水准变动情况的指数。物价指数是一个与某一特定日期一定组合的商品或劳务有关的价格计量。当该商品或劳务的价格发生了变化，其价格指数也随之变化。编制物价指数的目的，是为国家分析物价变动(price change)对国民经济(national economy)与人民生活的影响，从而制定有关物价宏观调控政策(macrocontrol policy)，为加强物价管理提供依据。同时，也为企业做出相应的经济决策提供依据。
     物价指数计算的基本方法，是以计算期(calculation period)各种商品的价格(commodity price)乘以计算期各种商品的销售量(quantity of sale)，再除以基期(base period)各种商品的价格乘以基期各种商品的销售量。

     The rise in prices was a signal for rebellion.
     物价上涨引起了叛乱。
     The scarcity of food forced prices up.
     食物短缺促使物价上涨。
     Thousands demonstrated against the price increases.
     数以千计的人举行示威，抗议物价上涨。
     They made prediction about possible price increase.
     他们对物价上涨的可能性进行预测。
     Price increase hit everyone's pocket.
     物价上涨冲击了每个人的钱袋。
     Rising pork prices could push up China's inflation rate.
     猪肉价格的上涨会推动中国通胀率的上升。
     The 10% price rise is well with the limits set by the government.
     10%的物价上涨远未超过政府限定的范围。
     The 50% rise in the average nationwide price in 2006 is causing squeals of alarm.
     2006年，全国平均物价上涨50%，引起了恐慌。
     In emerging economies, above all, bad inflationary surprises have become the norm.
     特别是在新兴经济体，出乎意料的恶性通货膨胀如今已成为一种常态。
     The current price hikes and increasing inflationary pressures are the biggest concern of the people.
     当前物价上涨和通货膨胀的压力是老百姓最关心的问题。
     The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed.
     消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱与所贷款的价值相等。
     The central bank raised interest rates yesterday for the fourth time this year to control money supply and rising prices.
     昨天，央行年内第四次上调利率以控制货币供给量和物价上涨。
     The close correlation of commodity price index, monetary supply, bank deposit and interest rate leads the trend of interest rates.
     物价指数、货币供应量、金融机构存款的变化情况与货币市场利率具有较强的关联性，并引导货币市场利率的走势。
     Like the disco era it dominated, stagflation has a distinctive beat: slow growth, rising inflation, high oil prices and weak labor markets.
     就像迪斯科流行的年代一样，经济"滞涨"也有突出的特点：经济缓慢增长，通货膨胀加剧，油价走高以及就业市场低迷。
     The 1970s stagflation resulted, in large part, from extended periods of loose monetary policy pursued to accommodate the demand-crippling effect of oil shocks by printing money.
     20世纪70年代的滞涨很大程度上是为顾及因石油冲击而受到严重损害的需求效应，采取的印钞措施和长期宽松的货币政策而造成的。