What is financial crisis　什么是金融危机

     During the last several years we have witnessed one of the most trying times for financial markets in several decades, perhaps since the 1930's Great Depression. The global financial crisis which originated on Wall Street's subprime mortgage lending crisis in the US has swept the world, and gradually spread into other markets and countries through a combination of market failures and regulatory weaknesses. This socalled "financial tsunami" or "financial turmoil" has attracted world's attention, not only economists, policymakers and businessman, but also every ordinary people, because a global financial meltdown will affect the livelihoods of almost everyone in an increasingly inter-connected world.
     The global financial crisis, brewing for a while, really started to show its effects in the middle of 2007 and into 2008. Around the world stock markets have fallen, large financial institutions have collapsed or been bought out, and governments in even the wealthiest nations have had to come up with rescue packages to bail out their financial systems. At this special time many people tend to make a comparison between this global financial crisis and 1930s Great Depression. The Great Depression set off by the US stock market crash in 1929 dragged on through the 1930s. I believe anyone will deny that the current financial crisis is the biggest in scale that the world has experienced since then. Unlike at the time of the Great Depression, when governments were slow to take countermeasures, this time the financial authorities of the wealthiest nations such as Japan, the United States, and Europe have came up with rescue packages by injecting liquidity, providing guarantees, dealing with troubled assets and recapitalizing the banking system to bail out their financial systems This seems to have worked for now, causing the situation to become somewhat calmer. The chances of another 1930sstyle Great Depression are small. But stock prices continue to move up and down violently, and the world is at the brink of falling into a "lost decade" if matters are mishandled in the period lying ahead.
     In China, major economic indicators showed the country's real economy has been battered by the global financial turmoil. The thirdquarter economic growth rate slowed to 9 percent, the slowest pace in recent five years, and down from 10.6 percent in the first quarter of this year. Worldwide demand for the Chinese exports has already decreased, leading to a stall in domestic industrial production. Many export-oriented factories have shut down, leaving massive numbers of workers jobless.
     With the deepening of the global financial crisis over the past months, the government has taken flexible and prudent macro-economic policies to deal with the complex and changing situation. These 10 moves are expected to have positive effects China's long-term economic development. At the same time, this stimulus package also provides a good opportunity to China to realize the reform of its economic growth model from one reliant on exports to one driven by domestic demand. China's previous growth model-based on intensive resource use, environmental degradation and cheap labor-cannot lead to further economic development.
     金融危机(financial crisis)又称金融风暴，是指一个国家或几个国家与地区的全部或大部分金融指标(financial index)，例如短期利率(short-term interest rate)，货币资产(monetary assets)，证劵(security)，房地产(real estate)，土地（价格），商业破产数和金融机构(financial institution)倒闭数的急剧、短暂和超周期恶化。金融危机可以分为货币危机(monetary crisis)、债务危机(debt crisis)、银行危机等类型。近年来金融危机呈现多种形式混合的趋势。
     金融危机的特征是人们基于经济未来将更加悲观的预期(anticipation)，整个区域内货币币值出现较大幅度的贬值(depreciation)，经济总量(economic aggregate)与经济规模出现较大幅度的缩减，经济增长受到打击，往往伴随着企业大量倒闭，失业率(unemployment rate)提高，社会普遍的经济萧条(economic depression)，有时候甚至伴随着社会动荡或国家政治层面的动荡。

     We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
     我们在金融危机中损失惨重。
     A typical financial crisis can be divided into several stages.
     一个典型的金融危机可以分为几个阶段。
     This financial crisis has brought new factors into play.
     这次金融危机引发新的因素起了作用。
     People meet high in the sky to discuss what kind of city New York is, which may be possible suffer financial crisis.
     人们在摩天大楼里谈论可能出现金融危机的这个纽约究竟是一座什么样的城市。
     I was not able to fix the Asia financial crisis.
     我没法扭转亚洲金融危机。
     The impact of Southeast Asia's financial crisis should not be underestimated.
     东南亚金融危机的影响不可低估。
     The financial crisis in Asia has been painful to us all.
     亚洲金融危机的确使我们承受痛苦。
     Faced with the shocks of the Asian financial crisis, China has committed to non-devaluation of the RMB exchange rate.
     面对亚洲金融危机的冲击，中国一直保持人民币汇率不贬值。
     The analysis of Asian financial crisis and its enlightenment.
     亚洲金融危机的分析与启迪。
     A Comparison between financial crises in Mexico and Thailand.
     墨西哥与泰国金融危机的比较。
     During the monetary crisis, several European bankers rallied to the support of the pound.
     货币危机中，几个欧洲银行家联手帮助英镑渡过危机。
     This appears to be the right way forward.
     看来这是化解金融危机的正确道路。
     Mps are asking for parliament to be recalled to debate the financial crisis.
     下院议员要求召回全部议员辩论金融危机。
     The financial crisis cannot be solved by official funds alone.
     金融危机不能单靠政府资金解决。
     All of the crises, including ERM crisis in 1992-1993, Mexican crisis in 1994-1995, Asian crisis in 1997-1998, Russian crisis in 1998 and Argentine crisis in 2001, showed strong contagion effect.
     无论是1992-1993年的欧洲货币联盟危机、1994-1995年的墨西哥金融危机、1997-1998年的东南亚金融危机、1998年的俄罗斯金融危机还是2001年的阿根廷金融危机，都表现出极强的传染性。
     Since 1990's,there have burst out many financial crises in the world, such as European Monetary Union crisis, Mexico crisis, South-East Asia crisis, Russia crisis and Brazil crisis, which were closely related with capital flight.
     20世纪90年代以来，世界各地相继爆发的金融危机，如欧洲货币联盟危机、墨西哥金融危机、东南亚金融危机、俄罗斯金融危机，以及巴西金融危机，均与资本外逃密切相关。