胡子工程long drawn-out project (a project which takes so long that young workers become bearded)
计划单列市city with economic planning directly supervised by the State Council
内转外export products and technologies originally targeted at the domestic market
“豆腐渣”工程beancurd projects, so named because they are too poor in quality to last out / jerry-built project
农业要搞“一优两高”Attention should be paid to high yields, better quality and greater efficiency in agriculture.
上例中的词语与中国国情密切相关，不增补相关的背景知识就难以为译文读者所接受，因此译者通过解释性的翻译补足了理解词语意义必备的背景知识。