课本中不会教你的[C]188 cost，spend，take和pay for——“花费”的四种表示法
188 cost，spend，take和pay for——“花费”的四种表示法
① cost作及物动词用时，表示某物“值（多少钱），花费（多少钱）”，主语必须是物，通常是所买的东西或代词it，不能是人。cost后可跟钱数，也可跟双宾语，意为“某物花某人多少钱”。cost的过去式和过去分词都是cost。
The house costs a lot of money. 这所房子值许多钱。
The dictionary cost her 100 yuan. 这本词典花了她100元。（跟双宾语）
How much did these shoes cost you？这些鞋花了你多少钱？
How much does it cost？
它值多少钱？
How much money does it cost？
How many does it cost？
② spend指人“花费”，表示某人花费多少钱在某物上，或者某人花费多少时间做某事，spend的主语必须是人，不能是物，正确结构是：
（人）spend+钱或时间+on sth. 在某物上花钱或时间
（人）spend+钱或时间+in doing sth. 花钱或时间做某事
她花了大量的钱买书。
She spent a lot of money on books.
She spent a lot of money in buying books.
She spent a lot of money to buy books.
他昨晚花了两个小时做作业。
He spent two hours on his homework last night.
He spent two hours in doing his homework last night.
He spent two hours to do his homework last night.
提示
下面几句均正确。
她花3000美元买了那辆车。
She spent 3，000 dollars
The car cost her 3，000 dollars.
Buying the car cost her 3，000 dollars.
It cost her 3，000 dollars to buy the car.
I spent two weeks in reading the book. 我花了两个星期读这本书。
③ take指某物花费或需要多少时间，也指做某事花费或需要多少时间，主语可以是人，但一般用it作形式主语，代替后面的真正主语不定式，结构为：
it+take+sb.+一段时间+to do sth. 做某事花某人多少时间（it作形式主语）
sth.+take+sb.+时间+to do sth.
sb.+take+时间+to do sth.
it+take+时间+for sb. to do sth.
He took ten minutes to solve the problem. 他花10分钟时间解出了这道题。
It took me half an hour to write the letter. 写这封信花了我半个小时。
她步行到学校要花20分钟。
It takes her twenty minutes to go to school on foot.
④ pay意为“付款”，用作及物动词时，它的宾语必须是人或钱，而不能是购买的物品。如果要跟购买的物品，须用pay for。结构为：
pay+sb. 付某人钱
pay+钱数 付多少钱
pay+sb.+钱数 付某人多少钱
pay for+买的物品 为购买的物品付款
pay+钱数+for+买的物品 为某物品付多少钱
I haven't paid the doctor yet. 我还没有付款给大夫。（pay+sb.）
Did you pay the bill？你付账了吗？（pay+钱）
I have paid her 500 yuan. 我付了她500元。（pay+sb.+钱）
I have paid for the coat. 这件上衣我已付了款。（pay for+购买物）
He paid 50 yuan for the ticket. 他买那张票付了50元。（pay+钱+for sth.）
She paid him 10 dollars for the shirt. 她付给他10美元买了一件衬衫。（pay+sb.+钱+for sth.）
Did you pay the pen？
Did you pay for the pen？
这支钢笔你付钱了吗？
另外，be worth可以用来询问价格。“这个花瓶值多少钱？”可以译为How much is the vase worth？
提示
be worth意为“价值多少”，后接具体钱数。
The car is worth 9，000 dollars. 这辆汽车值9000美元。
