第8章 时 态 8.2 现在进行时
8.2 现在进行时
8.2.1 现在进行时的基本用法
1) 现在进行时（The Present Continuous Tense）表示现在正在进行的动作和发生的事：
What are you doing？——I'm reading a play by Shaw. 你在干什么？——我在看萧伯纳的一个剧本。
How are things going? 现在情况怎么样？
Mary is knitting and listening to the radio. 玛丽在打毛线，听收音机。
It's snowing hard. 天正下着大雪。
What are they quarrelling about? 他们在为什么事争吵？
Why aren't you wearing a coat? It's so cold. 天这么冷，你怎么没穿大衣？
They're travelling in India. 他们在印度旅行。
I'm waiting to have a word with you. 我在等着和你说句话。
2) 现在进行时有时表示现阶段正发生的事，此刻动作不一定正在进行：
Hello, Tom, are you still working in that bank? 嗨，汤姆，你还在那家银行工作吗？
She's teaching at a night school. 她在夜校教书。
I'm writing a book about ecology. 我在写一本关于生态学的书。
Sorry, you can't take the typewriter away, I'm using it. 对不起，你不能把打字机拿走，我在用。
8.2.2 现在进行时和动词的关系
1) 有些动词一般不能用于现在进行时，如第8.1.2节中的动词，大部分都不宜用于进行时态，因为它们表示状态和感觉，不能表示正在进行的动作，特别是know， love， like， belong， detest， hate这类词。不过有些词有其他意思，有时能用于进行时，试比较下面句子：
表示状态或感觉 表示动作（可用于进行时）
* * *
* * *
She looks tired. 她显得很疲倦。 She is looking at a bird. 她在看鸟。
The food smells nice. 这菜闻着很香。 He's smelling the flowers. 他在闻花。
The juice tastes good. 果汁味很好。 I'm tasting the wine. 我在品尝酒。
It sounds a good idea. 这似乎是个好主意。 Why are you sounding the horn? 你为什么按喇叭？
I think you are right. 我想你是对的。 What are you thinking of? 你在想什么？
Do you see that tree? 你看到那棵树吗？ I'm seeing Ted off. 我在给特德送行。
It holds two gallons. 它能装两加仑。 What are you holding in your hand? 你手上拿的是什么？
She has two sisters. 她有两个姐妹。 She is having lunch. 她在吃午饭。
2) 有些表示动作的动词有时转而表示状态，这时就不宜用于进行时态，如：
表示动作 表示状态
* * *
* * *
He's standing on a chair.他站在椅子上。 My house stands by the river. 我家在江边。
They are sitting on the grass. 他们坐在草地上。 The hut sits in the forest. 小屋在森林里。
She is lying on the beach. 她躺在海滩上。 The town lies before us. 这座城就在我们前方。
He's fitting the pieces together. 他在把零件装配起来。 The coat doesn't fit me. 这上衣我穿不合适。
3) 有些表示极短暂动作的动词也不宜用于进行时，如declare， recognize等（可参阅第8.1.3节）。但有些这类词有时用于进行时，表示反复做某动作：
He's jumping up and down. 他在上下蹦跳。
She's skipping rope. 她在跳绳。
The old man is nodding his head. 老人频频点头。
They're firing questions at him. 他们向他连连发问。
4) be在一般情况下不能用于进行时态，但有时却可以这样用来表示一时的表现：
Bob is being silly. 鲍勃这样做是在发傻。
You're being very clever today. 今天你聪明起来了。
Am I being extravagant? 我这样做是不是太奢侈？
The children are being very quiet. I wonder what they're up to. 孩子们现在特别安静，我纳闷他们想干什么。
You're being childish. 你这样做太孩子气了。
I'm not being slow. I'm being careful. 我这样并不是动作迟缓，我只是审慎行事。
8.2.3 现在进行时表示将来动作
1) 现在进行时还常可用来表示将来的动作，特别是在口语中，这时常有一个表示未来时间的状语，多指已计划安排好的事：
I'm meeting Peter tonight. He's taking me to the theatre. 今晚我要和彼得见面，他将带我去看戏。
I'm flying to Hong Kong tomorrow. 我明天飞香港。
Are you doing anything tomorrow afternoon？——Yes , I'm playing tennis with Betty. 你明天下午有活动吗？——有，我要和贝蒂打网球。
I'm not going out tonight. I'm staying at home. 今晚我不出去，我要待在家里。
When is Helen coming home? 海伦什么时候回家？
They're getting married next month. 他们下月结婚。
They're spending the summer at Switzerland. 他们准备在瑞士过夏天。
2) 现在进行时也可用在时间和条件从句中表示未来情况：
You can do some reading while you are waiting for the train. 你等火车时可以看看书。
You must visit Switzerland when you are travelling in Europe. 你在欧洲旅行时一定要访问瑞士。
If she's still waiting, tell her to go home. 如果她还在等，可以让她回家。
Suppose it's still raining tomorrow, shall we go? 假定明天还在下雨，我们要去吗？
3) be going to结构可表示：
a. 准备或打算做某事：
He's going to buy a new car. 他准备买一辆新车。
She is not going to be there tonight. 她今晚不准备到那里。
Is he going to lecture in English or in Chinese? 他打算用英语还是用汉语讲课？
He's going to be a dentist when he grows up. 他长大了打算当牙医。
What are you going to do when you get your degree? 你拿了学位后打算干什么？
I'm going to think about it. 我要考虑考虑。
b. 即将发生的事或要发生的事：
There's going to be a thunderstorm. 雷雨即将来临。
It's going to be warm tomorrow. 明天天气会很暖和。
My cousin is going to have a baby. 我表姐要生孩子了。
Amy is going to leave soon, isn't she? 艾米不久就要走了，是吗？
I'm going to be sick. 我要病倒了。
We're all going to die some day. 总有一天我们都会死的。
在这种结构后也可跟go， come这类词：
Where are you going to go during the holiday? 假期你准备去哪里？
They're going to come with me. 他们准备和我一道去。
8.2.4 现在进行时表示经常性动作
1) 现在进行时还可以用来表示经常性的动作，常和always， constantly， forever这类副词连用，表示厌烦、赞美等情绪：
He is always losing his keys. 他老是丢钥匙。（不以为然）
I'm always making that mistake. 我老犯那个错。（不耐烦）
She's always working. 她总是在工作。（赞赏）
You're always thinking of others. 你总是想到别人。（赞美）
She's constantly changing her mind. 她老是改变主意。（不满）
The baby is constantly screaming. 宝宝老是尖叫。（不耐烦）
He's forever finding fault with what I do. 他老是找我的茬。（厌烦）
She's perpetually nagging. 她老爱唠叨。（厌烦）
2) 这类句子也可用一般现在时，这时只说明事实，用现在进行时则表示某种情绪，试比较下面句子：
用一般现在时（说明事实） 用现在进行时（表示某种情绪）
* * *
* * *
How do you feel today? How are you feeling today? （关切）
We haul in lots of fish today. We're hauling in lots of fish today. （欣慰）
She does fine work at school. She's doing fine work at school. （赞美）
He often complains of his job. He's always complaining of his job. （厌烦）
3)有些静态动词间或也可用于现在进行时：
I'm hoping you'll all come. 我希望你们都来。（表示殷切希望）
I'm always hearing strange stories about him. 我老听人讲关于他的奇奇怪怪的事。
Tina is resembling her sister more and more. 蒂娜长得越来越像她姐姐。
I'm forgetting that I promised to ring him tonight. 我差点忘了我答应过今晚给他打电话。
另外还有少数动词用两种时态意思都差不多：
I wonder (am wondering) whether you could give me some advice. 我想知道你可否给我出点主意。
Does your leg hurt (Is your leg hurting)? 你的腿疼吗？
My left foot itches (is itching). 我的左脚痒。
His bones ache (are aching) vaguely. 他的骨头隐隐作痛。
I write (am writing) to inform you that your mother is ill. 我来信是要通知你你母亲病了。
I don't hear (am not hearing) as well as I used to. 我听力不及从前好了。
Now do you like (are you liking) your new job? 你觉得你的新工作怎样？
8.2.5 现在进行时的一些特殊用法
现在进行时还有一些特殊用法：
1) 用在戏剧式的描绘中，表示过去的动作：
I'm driving along a country road and I'm completely lost. Then I see this old fellow. He's leaning against a gate. 我开车顺着一条乡村的道路前行，我已经完全迷路了。这时我看到了这位老人，他倚靠在篱笆门上。
2) 表示暂时的情况：
Her car has broken down. She's going to work by bike. 她的小汽车坏了，现在骑自行车上班。
I'm not hearing very well these days. 近来我听力不太好。
His house is being renovated. So he's staying with us. 他的房子在翻修，因此他暂时在我们家住。
My secretary is ill. Mary's filling in for her. 我的秘书病了，玛丽暂时接替她的工作。
3) 用在戏剧性的描述中：
Here's this Scotsman, you see, and he's walking through the jungle when he meets a gorilla. And the gorilla's eating something. So the Scotsman goes up to the gorilla. 这里，你瞧，是一个苏格兰人。当他在丛林中穿行时碰到一只大猩猩。大猩猩在吃东西，于是这苏格兰人向大猩猩走去。
