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第25章 省略句 25.1 概说

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2019年09月05日

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25.1 概 说

25.1.1 省略与省略句

1) 为了省事,人们常把某些词省掉,特别是在口语中:

(I) Thank you. 谢谢你。

(I'm) Glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。

How nice (it is)! 多好呀!

Really? 真的吗?

(You're) Right. (你是)对的。

这种现象称为省略(Ellipsis),这种句子称为省略句(Elliptical Sentences)。

2) 被省略的部分可能是:

a. 主语:

(I) Hope to see you again. 希望再见到你。

(I) Haven't seen you for ages. 好久不见。

(It) Doesn't matter. 没关系。

(It) Serves him right! 他活该!

(I) Just dropped in to ask you a question. 我只是来问你一个问题。

b. 主语和助动词:

(I've) Got to go now. (我)得走了。

(Do you) Want some? (你)要一点吗?

(Have you) Had your breakfast? 吃早饭了吗?

(Are you) Going to town? 进城去吗?

(Do you) See what I mean? 懂我的意思吗?

(Are you) Looking for me? 你找我?

c. 谓语或谓语的部分:

(Is there) Anything you want to tell me? 有什么事要告诉我吗?

(Is there) Anything wrong? 有什么地方有问题吗?

(Does) Anybody want to go? 有谁要去吗?

(Are) The students still waiting? 同学们还在等吗?

d. 宾语:

Is she back yet? ——I don't know. 她回来了吗? ——我不知道。

Which is better? ——It's hard to tell. 哪一个比较好? ——很难说。

He's a kind man. "I know." “他是个好人?”“我知道?”

Where should we go? "I don't care. Anywhere you want." “我们去哪里?”“我无所谓,你想去哪就去哪儿?”

3) 有时句子大部分都省略,只剩下:

a. 表语:

(I'm) Sorry! 对不起!

Tired? 你累了?

What a pity (it is) you can't come with us! 真遗憾你不能和我们一道去!

Nice you're back. 你回来了很好。

b. 宾语:

(I beg your) Pardon. 请再说一遍。

How many do you want? ——Just one. 你要多少? ——就一个。

Sorry, (you've dialed the) wrong number. 对不起,你拨错号了。

c. 状语:

(Come) This way, please. 请往这边走。

Did you like the film? ——Oh, very much. 这电影你喜欢吗? ——啊,很喜欢。

When are you going? ——Tomorrow. 你什么时候走? ——明天。

d. 其他:

Are you going to paint it green or red? ——Red, I think. 你打算把它漆成绿色还是红色? ——我想漆成红色。

Is she older than you or younger than you? ——Much younger. 她比你大还是小? ——比我小多了。

(Of) Course that's only a beginning. 当然这只是一个开始。

25.1.2 省略句的意思

1) 省略句有时本身意思很清楚:

I'd help you if I could. 如果我能帮你我会帮的。

Sounds a good idea. 听起来是个好主意。

Got any writing paper? 有信纸吗?

So delighted to see you. 看到你真高兴。

Ready? 准备好了吗?

Good! 挺好!

Waiting for the bus? 在等车吗?

Leaving so soon? 这么快就走?

2) 有时意思需从上下文中推断:

I don't want to go. "Why?" “我不想去?”“为什么?”

She opposes the idea. "Does she?" “她反对这想法?”“是吗?”

How much did you pay for it? "Twenty dollars." “你付了多少钱?”“20美元?”

Where are you from? "Tianjin." “你是哪儿人?”“天津人?”

When is he arriving? "Tonight." “他什么时候到?”“今晚?”

I won't accept their terms, never! 我不会接受他们的条件,绝不会!

Will they agree to the proposal? "Not likely." “他们会同意这个建议吗?”“不太可能?”

3) 某些描绘性文字(如小说、日记、摘要等)中,有时也有词省略,但由于有上下文,意思则很清楚:

Then we came to the grasslands. Marshes everywhere. No birds! No trees! No house! Not a soul to be seen! 然后我们来到草地,到处都是沼泽,没有飞鸟!没有树木!没有房舍!荒无人烟!

Another busy day! Went to work by bike. Witnessed a car accident. Got to my office ten minute late. 又一个忙碌的日子!骑车上班。看见一场车祸。到办公室时晚了十分钟。

Born in 1830. Went to a grammar school. Entered Eton. Won several awards during his college days. Became a lawyer in 1860... 1830年出生。上语法学校。升入伊顿(学院)。大学期间获了几次奖。1860年当上了律师⋯

25.1.3 单部句

有些句子,只包含主语和谓语的一部分,很难说什么词省略,意思却很清楚,如:

My goodness! 我的老天!

Thanks a lot. 非常感谢!

Away with you! 走开!

Out with it! 说出来吧!

No entry. 不得进入!

No parking. 禁止泊车!

Down with tyranny! 打倒暴政!

You naughty boy! 你这个调皮孩子!

Nonsense! 胡说!

这类句子称为单部句(One-member Sentences)。


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