高中语法专练：vi. 分词的逻辑主语

vi. 分词的逻辑主语

1. 分词作定语时的逻辑主语就是它修饰的名词或代词。

This is an interesting story .

这是一个有趣的故事。

I saw a rolling stone .

我看到一个滚动的石头。

The crying boy is her little brother.

在哭叫的孩子是她的小弟弟。

2. 分词作状语时的逻辑主语就是全句的主语。

Turning around , we saw an old woman walking to the river.

我们转过身来，看到一位老太太在向河边走去。

When using the machine , you must read the instructions first.

当你使用机器的时候必须先读说明书。

Seeing from the hilltop , he was delighted to see a wonderful valley.

从山顶望去，他高兴地看到一个美妙的山谷。

Seen from the hilltop , our city can be seen more clearly.

从山顶望去，我们的城市看得更清楚了。

3. 分词作补语时的逻辑主语就是全句的宾语。

I saw him running around the track on the playground.

我看见他在操场上绕着跑道跑步。

We found the houses in the village damaged in the earthquake.

我们发现村里的房子在地震中被毁了。

4. 根据现在分词与逻辑主语的关系可以确定分词的语态形式。

1）分词作宾补时，分词的语态形式取决于分词与其逻辑主语即句子宾语的关系。

We saw a light burning in the window.

我们看到窗户里面灯亮着。

We saw the house being burnt down.

我们看到房子正在被烧毁。

2）分词作定语，分词的语态形式取决于分词与其逻辑主语即所修饰的名词或代词的关系。

The building being built now will be our library.

现在正在被建的大楼将是我们的图书馆。

The man making the speech at the meeting is our new headmaster.

正在会上发言的是我们的新校长。

3）分词作状语，分词的语态形式取决于分词与其逻辑主语即句子的主语的关系。

The little girl came in, singing and dancing.

那个小姑娘进来了，唱着跳着。

Having been shown the lab , we were taken to the dining hall.

被领着看了实验室之后，我们被带到餐厅去。

专项练习

1. Once lost, _______.

A. to get such a chance is difficult

B. such a chance will never come again

C. one can never get such a chance

D. there'll be no such a chance

2. The boy overslept and kept all the others _______ at the station for hours.

A. to wait

B. having been waited

C. waiting

D. being waited

3. Mary left her coat _______ in the train.

A. laying

B. lying

C. laid

D. lie

4. This is the best film _______ this year.

A. to show

B. to be shown

C. showing

D. shown

5. The books _______ belong to Mr. Smith.

A. which is on the table

B. lying on the table

C. are on the table

D. which on the table

6. Father caught the boy _______ in the garage.

A. smoke

B. to smoke

C. smoking

D. being smoked

7. —Who are those people walking along the street with banners?

—A group _______ the League for Global Environment Protection.

A. calling

B. called

C. called itself

D. is called

8. _______ for the coming examinations before, I have no time for the film.

A. Not preparing

B. To prepare

C. Having not prepared

D. Not having prepared

9. _______ for half a month, the town was running out of food and clothing.

A. Having flooded

B. As the town had flooded

C. Having been flooded

D. To have been flooded

10. _______ the call for help, the boys immediately rushed out to see what was going on.

A. In order to hear

B. Hearing

C. Having heard

D. They heard

11. Jane is looking forward to _______ from me. Remember _______ my letter on your way home.

A. hear; to post

B. hearing; post

C. hearing; to post

D. hearing; posting

12. _______ their life in the past, ours is much better.

A. Comparing with

B. Compared with

C. To compare with

D. Comparing to

13. After seeing the play, _______.

A. it made him read the book at once

B. he wanted to read the book at once

C. the book was immediately read

D. it interested him a great deal

14. _______ from the hill top, the whole city of Nanjing looks more beautiful.

A. As people see

B. Seeing

C. People see the city

D. Seen

15. The soldiers ran as fast as they could, _______ to catch the fleeing enemies.

A. hoping

B. to hope

C. they hoped

D. hoped

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